MULTEXT-East Morphosyntactic Specifications, Version 4

3.2.8. Romanian Adverb

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Table of contents

Table 61. Romanian Specification for Adverb
P	Attribute (en)	Value (en)	Code (en)
0	CATEGORY	Adverb	R
1	Type	general	g
		particle	p
		negative	z
		modifier	m
		int-rel	w
		portmanteau	c
2	Degree	positive	p
		comparative	c
		superlative	s
3	Clitic	no	n
		yes	y

3.2.8.1. Notes

Type: The distinction proposed here considers the principal syntactic properties of the adverbs. For Romanian, the general type includes most of the pronominal adverbs (demonstrative: aici (here), indefinite: oriunde (anywhere)). As argued before for pronouns and determiners, a distinct negative value is needed for adverbs as well (nicăieri - nowhere, niciodată - never). The particle type covers those adverbs which can dislocate verbal compound forms (ex. Ea a tot cântat -- She has ever sung) or mark degrees (ex. circa (about), foarte (very), prea (too)). Such adverbs are cam, mai, prea, şi, tot, foarte etc. A useful distinction in Romanian considers the adverbs which can have predicative role, that is they can govern a subordinate sentence (ex. Fireşte că o ştiu -- Certainly I know it). Here (for uniformity within a multilingual environment), they are squeezed into the modifier class. No formal distinction is made between the interrogative adverbs and the relative ones. The "portmanteau" type of adverb was introduced to cover some few words which can be both adverbs and conjunctions (with adverbial reading more frequent). This was necessary for tagging purposes.
Degree: In Romanian, the comparative and superlative of adverbs is formed analytically with mai (puţin), cel mai (puţin), foarte: ex. mai repede (faster), cel mai devreme (at the earliest). Nonetheless there are some adverbs with comparative or superlative meaning (ex. optim, ulterior,. definitiv). These adverbs can be used for expressing the absolute superlative of other adverbs or adjectives: ex. extrem de bine, formidabil de frumos.
Clitic: See discussion on Verb clitics.

3.2.8.2. MSD Index

This index gives the list of morphosyntactic descriptions (MSDs) and their features. In the table below, the first column gives the MSD, the second its expansion into a feature-structure, the third gives the number of entries in the lexicon (428,093 entries), and the fourth gives some examples as word-form/lemma. The list was extracted form the Romanian MULTEXT-East lexicon.

Table 62. MSDs (10)
MSD	Features	Lexical entries	Examples of usage
Rgp	Adverb Type=general Degree=positive	1262	zi-de-zi, zi_de_zi, zelos, zdravăn, zadarnic, vultureşte, vulpeşte
Rgpy	Adverb Type=general Degree=positive Clitic=yes	57	tocma'/tocmai, parc-/parcă, numa'/numai, -ntruna/întruna, -ntrucâtva/întrucâtva
Rgc	Adverb Type=general Degree=comparative	3	superior, succesiv, din_ce_în_ce_mai
Rgs	Adverb Type=general Degree=superlative	12	straşnic, preafrumos, perfect, nespus, nemaipomenit, extrem, extraordinar
Rp	Adverb Type=particle	7	tot, tot_atât_de, prea, mai, la_fel_de, foarte, cam
Rp-y	Adverb Type=particle Clitic=yes	2	to'/tot, ma'/mai
Rz	Adverb Type=negative	10	niciunde, niciodată, nici, nicidecum, nicidecât, nicicum, nicicând
Rw	Adverb Type=int-rel	17	unde, precum, pe_cât, oareşicum, oareşicând, oare, încotro, după_cât
Rw-y	Adverb Type=int-rel Clitic=yes	1	cân'/când
Rc	Adverb Type=portmanteau	7	în_loc, iar, iară, dicât/decât, decât, dăcât/decât, ca

Up: 3.2. Romanian Specifications Previous: 3.2.7. Romanian Article Next: 3.2.9. Romanian Adposition

Date: 2010-05-12
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