MULTEXT-East Morphosyntactic Specifications, Version 4

3.2.10. Romanian Conjunction

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Table of contents

Table 65. Romanian Specification for Conjunction
P	Attribute (en)	Value (en)	Code (en)
0	CATEGORY	Conjunction	C
1	Type	coordinating	c
		subordinating	s
		portmanteau	r
2	Formation	simple	s
		compound	c
3	Coord_Type	simple	s
		repetit	r
		correlat	c
4	Sub_Type	negative	z
		positive	p
5	Clitic	no	n
		yes	y

3.2.10.1. Notes

Type:
The distinction between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions is pertinent to Romanian as well. The "portmanteau" type of conjunction applies only to the word "şi" which can be both a coordonating conjunction and an adverb. The distinctionamong these interpretations is rather tricky for the average native speaker and was a constant source of noise in automatic tagging. Therefore, for the sake of automatic processing we defined this "portmanteau" type value.
Formation:
As with prepositions, we can distinguish two kinds of conjunctions in Romanian: (1) simple conjunctions: e.g. şi,dar,deşi etc. (2) conjunctions formed periphrastically, with some word/phrase combined by a conjunction: din moment ce, fără să, fat,ă de cum etc.
Coord_Type:
In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father).
With respect to the place of the conjunctions, most of them stay before the conjunct, except for: aşadar, deci (so), dar, însă (but), dacă (if), which also appear with expressive value inside the conjoined sentence.
Sub_Type:
In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules. This attribute distinguishes among the positive and negative conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (as in case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut, nicăieri N-am văzut
Clitic:
See discussion on Verb clitics.

3.2.10.2. MSD Index

This index gives the list of morphosyntactic descriptions (MSDs) and their features. In the table below, the first column gives the MSD, the second its expansion into a feature-structure, the third gives the number of entries in the lexicon (428,093 entries), and the fourth gives some examples as word-form/lemma. The list was extracted form the Romanian MULTEXT-East lexicon.

Table 66. MSDs (7)
MSD	Features	Lexical entries	Examples of usage
Ccssp	Conjunction Type=coordinating Formation=simple Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive	12	sau, or, ori, însă, fie, deci, darmite, dar, darămite
Ccsspy	Conjunction Type=coordinating Formation=simple Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive Clitic=yes	4	ş-/şi, or'/ori, -nsă/însă, da'/dar
Cccsp	Conjunction Type=coordinating Formation=compound Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive	2	va_să_zică, aşa_că
Csssp	Conjunction Type=subordinating Formation=simple Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive	11	până, întrucât, încât, fiindcă, fără, deşi, deoarece, de, dacă
Cssspy	Conjunction Type=subordinating Formation=simple Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive Clitic=yes	7	pân-/până, pân/până, până-/până, fiindc-/fiindcă, de-/de, dac-/dacă
Cscsp	Conjunction Type=subordinating Formation=compound Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive	35	precum_şi, pentru_că, pentru_ca, pe_măsură_ce, pe_câtă_vreme
Crssp	Conjunction Type=portmanteau Formation=simple Coord_Type=simple Sub_Type=positive	4	ş'/şi, şî/şi, şi-/şi, şi

Up: 3.2. Romanian Specifications Previous: 3.2.9. Romanian Adposition Next: 3.2.11. Romanian Numeral

Date: 2010-05-12
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