In this section the proposed encoding is applied to French (Veronis et al. 1994).
5.4.1 Nouns (N) ---------------- 5.4.1.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type common livre c proper Jean p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine homme m feminine femme f ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular hommes s plural femmes p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Case /// /// - ============ =========== =========== ==== 5.4.1.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== NCMS Ncms- Common noun, masc. sing. NCMP Ncmp- Common noun, masc. plur. NCFS Ncfs- Common noun, fem. sing. NCFP Ncfp- Common noun, fem. plur. NPMS Npms- Proper noun, masc. sing. NPMP Npmp- Proper noun, masc. plur. NPFS Npfs- Proper noun, fem. sing. NPFP Npfp- Proper noun, fem. plur. ================== ==================================== 5.4.1.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Ncms- NCMS homme Ncmp- NCMP hommes Ncfs- NCFS femme Ncfp- NCFP femmes Npms- NPMS Jean Npmp- NPMP Pays-bas Npfs- NPFS Anne Npfp- NPFP Pyrenees ==================================================== Note It is not clear that all proper nouns should receive gender and number information. In addition, even if this information exists, it might be difficult to find it automatically in corpora for unknown proper nouns. We must experiment to see if a single tag NP would be better. 5.4.2 Verbs (V) ---------------- 5.4.2.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type main partir m auxiliary avoir a ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Mood/Vform indicative viens i subjunctive vienne s imperative viens m conditional viendrais c infinitive venir n participle venu p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Tense present viens p imperfect venais i future viendrai f past vins s ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Person first suis 1 second es 2 third est 3 ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular viens s plural venons p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine venu m feminine venue f ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Clitics /// /// - ============ =========== =========== ====
Notes a. Conditional Conditional is often considered as a tense rather than a mood. Encoding decision may change on this. b. Auxiliaries It is possible that we need to discriminate between "avoir" and "e^tre" auxiliaries. In that case, we could add a Lexical Class attribute: ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Lex. class e^tre e^tre e avoir avoir a Note : obviously language-specific ============ =========== =========== ==== c. Past participle We decided to encode the past participle of the auxiliary verb "e^tre", the copulative verbs (e.g. "sembler") and impersonal verbs (e.g."falloir"), which do not agree in gender, with the value not applicable (-) : e'te' : Va---ps--, semble' : Vm---ps-- 5.4.2.2 Corpus ====== =================== ============================ Tag Regular expression Definition ====== =================== ============================ VA1P Va[iscm][pifs]1p-- Aux. verb 1st person plur. VA1S Va[iscm][pifs]1s-- Aux. verb 1st person sing. VA2P Va[iscm][pifs]2p-- Aux. verb 2nd person plur. VA2S Va[iscm][pifs]2s-- Aux. verb 2nd person sing. VA3P Va[iscm][pifs]3p-- Aux. verb 3rd person plur. VA3S Va[iscm][pifs]3s-- Aux. verb 3rd person sing. VAPSPF Vaps-pf- Aux. verb past part. plur. fem. VAPSSF Vaps-sf- Aux. verb past part. sing. fem. VAPSPM Vaps-pm- Aux. verb past part. plur. masc. VAPSSM Vaps-sm- Aux. verb past part. sing. masc. VAPS Vaps---- Aux. verb past part. VAPP Vapp---- Aux. verb pres. part. VAN Van----- Aux. verb infinitive VM1P Vm[iscm][pifs]1p-- Main.verb 1st person plur. VM1S Vm[iscm][pifs]1s-- Main.verb 1st person sing. VM2P Vm[iscm][pifs]2p-- Main.verb 2nd person plur. VM2S Vm[iscm][pifs]2s-- Main.verb 2nd person sing. VM3P Vm[iscm][pifs]3p-- Main.verb 3rd person plur. VM3S Vm[iscm][pifs]3s-- Main.verb 3rd person sing. VMPSPF Vmps-pf- Main.verb past part. plur. fem. VMPSSF Vmps-sf- Main.verb past part. sing. fem. VMPSPM Vmps-pm- Main.verb past part. plur. masc. VMPSSM Vmps-sm- Main.verb past part. sing. masc. VMPS Vmps---- Main.verb past part. VMPP Vmpp---- Main.verb pres. part. VMN Vmn----- Main.verb infinitive ================== ====================================
5.4.2.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= INFINITIVE Vmn----- VMN venir Van----- VAN e^tre, avoir PRESENT PARTICIPLE Vmpp---- VMPP venant Vapp---- VAPP e'tant, ayant PAST PARTICIPLE Vmps---- VM??PS semble' Vmps-pf- VMFPPS venues Vmps-sf- VMFSPS venue Vmps-pm- VMMPPS venus Vmps-sm- VMMSPS venu Vaps---- VA??PS e'te' Vaps-pf- VAFPPS eues Vaps-sf- VAFSPS eue Vaps-pm- VAMPPS eus Vaps-sm- VAMSPS eu INDICATIVE, PRESENT Vmip1s- VM1S viens Vmip2s- VM2S viens Vmip3s- VM3S vient Vmip1p- VM1P venons Vmip2p- VM2P venez Vmip3p- VM3P viennent Vaip1s- VA1S suis, ai aip2s- VA2S es, as Vaip3s- VA3S3 est, a Vaip1p- VA1P sommes, avons Vaip2p- VA2P e^tes, avez Vaip3p- VA3P sont, ont INDICATIVE, IMPERFECT Vaii1s- VA1S e'tais, avais Vaii2s- VA2S e'tais, avais Vaii3s- VA3S3 e'tait, avait Vaii1p- VA1P e'tions, avions Vaii2p- VA2P e'tiez, aviez Vaii3p- VA3P e'taient, avaient Vmii1s- VM1S venais Vmii2s- VM2S venais Vmii3s- VM3S venait Vmii1p- VM1P venions Vmii2p- VM2P veniez Vmii3p- VM3P venaient INDICATIVE, FUTURE Vaif1s- VA1S serai, aurai Vaif2s- VA2S seras, auras Vaif3s- VA3S3 sera, aura Vaif1p- VA1P serons, aurons Vaif2p- VA2P serez, aurez Vaif3p- VA3P seront, auront Vmif1s- VM1S viendrai Vmif2s- VM2SS viendras Vmif3s- VM3S3 viendra Vmif1p- VM1PS viendrons Vmif2p- VM2P viendrez Vmif3p- VM3PS viendront INDICATIVE, PERFECT Vais1s- VA1S fus, eus Vais2s- VA2S fus, eus Vais3s- VA3S3 fut, eut Vais1p- VA1P fu^mes, eu^mes Vais2p- VA2P fu^tes, eu^tes Vais3p- VA3P furent, eurent Vmis1s- VM1SS vins Vmis2s- VM2S vins Vmis3s- VM3S3 vint Vmis1p- VM1P vinmes Vmis2p- VM2P vintes Vmis3p- VM3P vinrent SUBJONCTIVE, PRESENT Vasp1s- VA1S sois, aie Vasp2s- VA2S sois, aies Vasp3s- VA3S soit, ait Vasp1p- VA1P soyons, ayons Vasp2p- VA2P soyez, ayez Vasp3p- VA3P soient, avaient, e'taient Vmsp1s- VM1S finisse Vmsp2s- VM2S finisse Vmsp3s- VM3S finisse Vmsp1p- VM1P finissions Vmsp2p- VM2P finissiez Vmsp3p- VM3P finissent SUBJONCTIVE, IMPERFECT Vasi1s- VA1S fusse, eusse Vasi2s- VA2S fusses, eusses Vasi3s- VA3S3 fu^t, eu^t Vasi1p- VA1P fussions, eussions Vasi2p- VA2P fussiez, eussiez Vasi3p- VA3P fussent, eussent Vmsi1s- VM1S finisse Vmsi2s- VM2S finisse Vmsi3s- VM3S finit Vmsi1p- VM1P finissions Vmsi2p- VM2P finissiez Vmsi3p- VM3P finissent CONDITIONAL, PRESENT Vacp1s- VA1S serais, aurais Vacp2s- VA2S serais, aurais Vacp3s- VA3S serait, aurait Vacp1p- VA1P serions, aurions Vacp2p- VA2P seriez, auriez Vacp3p- VA3P seraient, auraient Vmcp1s- VM1S viendrais Vmcp2s- VM2SS viendrais Vmcp3s- VM3SS viendrait Vmcp1p- VM1P viendrions Vmcp2p- VM2PS viendriez Vmcp3p- VM3P viendraient IMPERATIVE, PRESENT Vamp2s- VA2S sois, aie Vamp1p- VA1P soyons, ayons Vamp2p- VA2P soyez, ayez Vmmp2s- VM2S viens Vmmp1p- VM1P venons Vmmp2p- VM2P venez ====================================
5.4.3 Adjectives (A) --------------------- 5.4.3.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type qualificat. bon f ordinal deuxie^me o cardinal deux c indefinite quelconque i possessive mien s ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Degree positive bon p comparative meilleur c ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine bon m feminine bonne f ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular bon s plural bons p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Case /// /// - Notes a. Degree We encode Degree for compatibility with other languages, but the distinction positive/comparative applies only to two adjectives in French: "bon" and "mauvais". All other adjectives form their comparatives with "plus" + adjective (e.g., "plus grand"). Superlative is also a compound form ("le" + comparative, e.g. "le plus grand"). b. Possessor We could add attributes for person and number of possessor. c. Cardinal The use of this value in french is still being considered as it seems perfectly redundant with the category numeral. 5.4.3.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== AFP A..fp- Adjective fem. plur. AFS A..fs- Adjective fem. sing. AMP A..mp- Adjective masc. plur. AMS A..ms- Adjective masc. sing. ================== ==================================== 5.4.3.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Afcfp- AFP meilleures Afcfs- AFS meilleure Afcmp- AMP meilleurs Afcms- AMS meilleur Afpfp- AFP bonnes Afpfs- AFS bonne Afpmp- AMP bons Afpms- AMS bon Ai-fp- AFP certaines, me^mes, quelconques Ai-fs- AFS certane, me^me, quelconque Ai-mp- AMP certain, me^mes, quelconques Ai-ms- AMS certain, me^me, quelconque Ac-fp- AFP deux Ac-fs- AFS une Ac-mp- AMP deux Ac-ms- AMS un Ao-fp- AFP premi'eres Ao-fs- AFS premi'ere Ao-mp- AMP premiers Ao-ms- AMS premier ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= As-fp- AFP leurs, miennes,tiennes,siennes, no^tres, vo^tres As-fs- AFS leur, mienne, tienne, sienne, no^tre,vo^tre As-mp- AMP leurs, miens, tiens, siens, no^tres, vo^tres As-ms- AMS leur, mien, tien, sien, no^tre, vo^tre ========================================================
5.4.4 Pronouns (P) ------------------- 5.4.4.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type personal je p demonstrat. celui d indefinite certain i possessive le_mien s interrog. lequel t relative quel r ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Person first je 1 second tu 2 third il 3 ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine cet,il m feminine cette,elle f neutre ce n ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular certain s plural certains p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Case nominative il n object le, lui j oblique moi o ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Possessor singular mon s plural nos p ============ =========== =========== ==== Notes a. Possessive Possessive pronouns are compound forms only ("le mien"). The form "mien" is an adjective (see note supra). b. Case The case system proposed by EAGLES (nominative, accusative, dative, oblique, etc.) does not map readily to French personal pronouns. The usual typology is the following: subject je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles object me, te, le, la, lui, se, nous, vous, les, leur, se other moi, toi, lui, elle, soi, nous, vous, eux, elles, soi The category "other" corresponds to reinforcement of subject or object ("Moi, je le dis"), attribute ("C'est moi"), etc. We could use the following mapping: Nominative --> subject Accusative --> direct object Dative --> indirect object Oblique --> other However, this solution splits "object" in "direct" and "indirect", and this distintion is valid only for the 3rd person pronouns in French (direct: le, la, les; indirect: lui, leur). Encoding this distinction would duplicate all other forms (direct:me, te, etc.; indirect: me, te, etc.). We have therefore added one value to the case system proposed: the value "Object". c. New values exclamative, reflexive, reciprocal The addition of those new values for the attribute type has not yet been considered in French. It is clear that the value "exclamative" would be more useful for the Determiner category (where it is merged with the interrogative value). As for reflexive and reciprocal values, they may be redundant with the codes using the case-value "j" (object), applied to personal pronouns. d. Agglutination The presence of disjuncted lexical units among pronouns has led to their lexicalisation for the sake of consistency of some paradigms : for instance the paradigm "auquel", "auxquels" and "auxquelles" is completed with the unit _laquelle", which is not completely satisfactory. 5.4.4.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== PDFP Pd-fp-- Demonstrative pronoun fem. plur. PDFS Pd-fs-- Demonstrative pronoun fem. plur. PDMP Pd-mp-- Demonstrative pronoun masc. plur. PDMS Pd-[mn]s-- Demonstrative pronoun masc. sing. PNFP Pn-fp-- Indefinite pronoun fem. plur. PNFS Pn-fs-- Indefinite pronoun fem. plur. PNMP Pn-mp-- Indefinite pronoun masc. plur. PNMS Pn-ms-- Indefinite pronoun masc. sing. PP1SN Pp1-sn- Personal pron.,1st pers.sing., nomin. ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== PP2SN Pp2-sn- Personal pron.,2nd pers. sing., nomin. PP3SN Pp3.sn- Personal pron.,3rd pers.sing., nomin. PP1PN Pp1-sn- Personal pron.,1st pers. plur., nomin. PP2PN Pp2-sn- Personal pron., 2nd pers. plur.,nomin. PP3PN Pp3.sn- Personal pron., 3rd pers. plur.,nomin. PPJ Pp...j- Personal pron., object PPO Pp...o- Personal pron., oblique PQFP P[rt]fp-- Interr. or relat. pronoun,fem. plur. PQFS P[rt]fs-- Interr. or relat. pronoun, fem. plur. PQMP P[rt]mp-- Interr. or relat. pronoun, masc. plur. PQMS P[rt]ms-- Interr. or relat. pronoun, masc. sing. PSFP Ps.fp.- Possessive pronoun, fem. plur. PSFS Ps.fs.- Possessive pronoun, fem. plur. PSMP Ps.mp.- Possessive pronoun, masc. plur. PSMS Ps.ms.- Possessive pronoun, masc. sing. ================== ==================================== 5.4.4.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Ps1fs-s PSFS la_mienne [mienne is not a pronoun] Ps1fs-p PSFS la_no^tre Ps1fp-s PSFP les_miennes Ps1fp-p PSFP les_no^tres Ps1ms-s PSMS le_mien Ps1ms-p PSMS le_no^tre Ps1mp-s PSMP les_miens Ps1mp-p PSMP les_no^tres Ps2fs-s PSFS la_tienne Ps2fs-p PSFS la_vo^tre Ps2fp-s PSFP les_tiennes Ps2mp-p PSMP les_vo^tres Ps2ms-s PSMS le_tien Ps2ms-p PSMS le_vo^tre Ps2mp-s PSMP les_tiens Ps2fp-p PSFP les_vo^tres Ps3fs-s PSFS la_sienne Ps3fs-p PSFS la_leur Ps3fp-s PSFP les_siennes Ps3fp-p PSFP les_leurs Ps3ms-s PSMS le_sien Ps3ms-p PSMS le_leur Ps3mp-s PSMP les_siens Ps3mp-p PSMP les_leurs Pp1-sn- PP1SN je Pp2-sn- PP2SN tu Pp3msn- PP3SN il, on Pp3fsn- PP3SN elle Pp1-pn- PP1PN nous Pp2-pn- PP2PN vous Pp3mpn- PP3PN ils Pp3fpn- PP3PN elles Pp1-sj- PPJ me (-moi after imperative) Pp2-sj- PPJ te (-toi after imperative) Pp3msj- PPJ le, se, lui Pp3fsj- PPJ la, se, lui Pp3n-j- PPJ en, y Pp1-pj- PPJ nous Pp2-pj- PPJ vous Pp3mpj- PPJ les, se, leur Pp3fpj- PPJ les, se, leur Pp1-so- PPO moi Pp2-so- PPO toi Pp3mso- PPO lui, soi Pp3fso- PPO elle, soi Pp1-po- PPO nous Pp2-po- PPO vous Pp3mpo- PPO eux, soi Pp3fpo- PPO elles, soi Pd-fp-- PDFP celles, celles-ci, celles-la' Pd-fs-- PDFS celle, celle-ci, celle-la' Pd-mp-- PDMP ceux, ceux-ci, ceux-la' Pd-ms-- PDMS celui, celui-ci, celui-la' Pd-n--- PDMS ce, ceci, cela, ca Pi-fp-- PNFP quelques-unes, certaines... Pi-fs-- PNFS aucune, nulle, certaine... Pi-mp-- PNMP quelques-uns, certains... Pi-ms-- PNMS aucun, nul, quelqu'un, certain... Pr-fp-- PQFP lesquelles,desquelles,auxquelles,qui, que, quoi, dont, Pr-fs-- PQFS laquelle, qui, que, quoi, dont, ou^ Pr-mp-- PQMP lesquels, desquels, auxquels, qui, que, quoi, dont, ou^ Pr-ms-- PQMS lequel, duquel, auquel, qui, que, quoi, dont, ou^ Pt----- PQ?? quoi Pt-fp-- PQFP lesquelles, desquelles, auxquelles, qui, que Pt-fs-- PQFS laquelle, qui, que Pt-mp-- PQMP lesquels, desquels, auxquels, qui Pt-ms-- PQMS lequel, duquel, auquel, qui, que ============================================================
5.4.5 Determiners (D) ---------------------- 5.4.5.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type article le a demonstrat. ce d indefinite certain i possessive mon s interrog. quel t ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Person first ma 1 second ta 2 third sa 3 ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine le m feminine la f ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular le s plural les p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Case /// /// - ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Possessor singular mon s plural nos p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Quantif. definite le d indefinite un i ============ =========== =========== ==== 5.4.5.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== DFP D..fp--. Determiner, fem. plur. DFS D..fs--. Determiner, fem. plur. DMP D..mp--. Determiner, masc. plur. DMS D..ms--. Determiner, masc. sing. ================== ==================================== 5.4.5.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Ds1fss-- DFS ma (tasse) Ds1mss-- DMS mon (livre) Ds1fps-- DFP mes (tasses) Ds1mps-- DMP mes (livres) Ds2fss-- DFS ta (tasse) Ds2mss-- DMS ton (livre) Ds2fps-- DFP tes (tasses) Ds2mps-- DMP tes (livres) Ds3fss-- DFS sa (tasse) Ds3mss-- DMS son (livre) Ds3fps-- DFP ses (tasses) Ds3mps-- DMP ses (livres) Ds1fsp-- DFS notre (tasse) Ds1msp-- DMS notre (livre) Ds1fpp-- DFP nos (tasses) Ds1mpp-- DMP nos (livres) Ds2fsp-- DFS votre (tasse) Ds2msp-- DMS votre (livre) Ds2fpp-- DFP vos (tasses) Ds2mpp-- DMP vos (livres) Ds3fsp-- DFS leur (tasse) Ds3msp-- DMS leur (livre) Ds3fpp-- DFP leurs (tasses) Ds3mpp-- DMP leurs (livres) Dd-fs--- DFS cette Dd-ms--- DMS cet, ce Dd-fp--- DFP ces Dd-mp--- DMP ces Di-fs--- DFS aucune, nulle, certaine, toute, chacune... Di-ms--- DMS aucun, nul, certain, tout, chacun... Di-fp--- DFP certaines, toutes... Di-mp--- DMP certains, tous... Dt-fs--- DFS quelle Dt-ms--- DMS quel Dt-fp--- DFP quelles Dt-mp--- DMP quels Da-fs--d DFS la Da-ms--d DMS le Da-fp--d DFP les Da-mp--d DMP les Da-fs--i DFS une Da-ms--i DMS un Da-fp--i DFP des Da-mp--i DMP des ======= ============================================= 5.4.6 Adverbs (R) ------------------ 5.4.6.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type general fortement g particle ne, pas p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Degree positive fortement p comparative davantage c negative ne, pas n Note We encode degree for compatibility with other languages, but as for adjectives, the comparative feature is not very productive in French. It applies only to "beaucoup" (comp.= "davantage"), "bien" (comp.= "mieux"), "mal" (comp.= "pis") and "peu" (comp. = "moins"). The comparative for other adverbs is marked by "plus" + adverb (e.g. "plus fortement"). The superlative is usually marked by "le" + comparative (e.g. le plus fortement). 5.4.6.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== R Rg.- General adverb R-NE Rpn ne R-PAS Rpn pas ================== ====================================
Note It seems necessary in French to distinguish the two parts of the negation ("ne ... pas"), because they play an important role in disambiguation. However, this violates the applicative principle (the categories in the corpus should be broader than the categories in the lexicon). Here the same lexical category (Rpn) would split in two corpus tags (R-NE, R-PAS). As a result, the regular expression Rpn cannot be used to define the corpus tags unambiguously. We could add an attribute "Lexical Class" to discriminate between the two particles, as, if needed, for the distinction between the "e^tre" and "avoir" auxiliaries (see note supra). ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Lex. class ne ne, n' n pas pas, plus p ============ =========== =========== ==== However, the auxiliary distinction applied to many languages (English: be/have; Italian: essere/avere, etc.), whereas the negation problem seems specific to French. It seems therefore heavy to impose an attribute "Lexical Class" for all languages in the Adverb category. Another point of view would be to consider that, in fact, some lexical subcategorization will be needed for one category or another in each language, and add a "Lexical Class" attribute to all the part-of-speech categories in a systematic way. 5.4.6.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Rgp R beaucoup Rgc R davantage Rpn R-NE ne Rpn R-PAS pas, plus ======= ============================================= 5.4.7 Adpositions (S) ---------------------- 5.4.7.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type preposition en, de p ============ =========== =========== ==== 5.4.7.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== SP Sp Preposition ================== ==================================== 5.4.7.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Sp SP en ======= ============================================= 5.4.8 Conjunctions (C) ----------------------- 5.4.8.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type coordinat. et c subordinat. que s ============ =========== =========== ==== 5.4.8.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== CC Cc Cooordinative conjunction CS Cs Subordinative conjunction ================== ==================================== 5.4.8.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ====== ============================================= Cc CC mais, ou Cs CS que ======= ============================================= 5.4.9 Numerals (M) ------------------- 5.4.9.1 Lexicon ============ =========== =========== ==== Attribute Value Example Code ============ =========== =========== ==== Type cardinal deux c ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Gender masculine un m feminine une f ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Number singular un s plural deux p ------------ ----------- ----------- ---- Case /// /// - ============ =========== =========== ==== Note: Ordinals are simple adjectives in French. They can never be determiners (e.g. *premie're fois e'tait la bonne). Traditionnal grammars usually distinguish un/article and un/numeral. However, it is very difficult to find linguistic tests that enable to discriminate between the two. cf. J'ai vu un chat (article) J'ai vu un chat et deux chiens (numeral?) We will not keep this distinction in the corpus tags. Only un/une have a gender. All other numerals are invariant in gender. We will encode gender as not applicable rather than introduce a systematic homography. 5.4.9.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== M Mc-s- Cardinal numeral, sing. M Mc-p- Cardinal numeral, plur. ================== ==================================== 5.4.9.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= Mcms- DMS un Mcfs- DFS une Mc-s- M zero Mc-p- M deux, trois ======= ============================================= 5.4.10 Interjection (I) ------------------------ 5.4.10.1 Lexicon ========= =========== Tag Example ========= =========== I eh ========= =========== 5.4.10.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== I I Interjection ================== ==================================== 5.4.10.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= I I eh ======= ============================================= 5.4.11 Unique membership class (U) ----------------------------------- None. 5.4.12 Residual (X) -------------------- 5.4.12.1 Lexicon ============ ============== Tag c Example ============ ============== X c symbols, etc. ============ ============== 5.4.12.2 Corpus ================== ==================================== Tag Regular expression Definition ================== ==================================== X X Residual ================== ==================================== 5.4.12.3 Combinations ======= ============================================= Lexique Corpus Example ======= ============================================= X X symbols, etc. ======= =============================================