The application of the MULTEXT encoding scheme to German has been
carried out by the German group (Steiner and Lemnitzer 1994).
It has been attempted to keep as close as possible to the conventions.
However, some deviations were unavoidable. This concerns:
a. The extension of value sets for some attributes
b. The addition of some minor classes, described in a separate section
(see Add on classes)
c. The additon or deletion of an attribute
We will try to justify the changes, or mark them as language-specific.
However, some features will be topics for further discussion.
5.2.1 Nouns (N)
---------------
5.2.1.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type common Buch c
proper Peter p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender masculine Mann m
feminine Frau f
neuter Kind n
------------ ---------- ----------- ----
Number singular Mann s
plural Frauen p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Case nominative Kind n
genitive Kindes g
dative Kinde d
accusative Kind a
============ =========== =========== ====
5.2.1.2 Corpus
======== ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
NCMSN Ncmsn Common noun, masc. sing., nominative
NCMSG Ncmsg Common noun, masc. sing., genitive
NCMSD Ncmsd Common noun, masc. sing., dative
NCMSA Ncmsa Common noun, masc. sing., accusative
NCMPN Ncmpn Common noun, masc. plur., nominative
NCMPG Ncmpg Common noun, masc. plur., genitive
NCMPD Ncmpd Common noun, masc. plur., dative
NCMPA Ncmpa Common noun, masc. plur., accusative
NCFSN Ncfsn Common noun, fem. sing., nominative
NCFSG Ncfsg Common noun, fem. sing., genitive
NCFSD Ncfsd Common noun, fem. sing., dative
NCFSA Ncfsa Common noun, fem. sing., accusative
NCFPN Ncfpn Common noun, fem. plur., nominative
NCFPG Ncfpg Common noun, fem. plur., genitive
NCFPD Ncfpd Common noun, fem. plur., dative
NCFPA Ncfpa Common noun, fem. plur., accusative
NCNSN Ncnsn Common noun, neut. sing., nominative
NCNSG Ncnsg Common noun, neut. sing., genitive
NCNSD Ncnsd Common noun, neut. sing., dative
NCNSA Ncnsa Common noun, neut. sing., accusative
NCNPN Ncnpn Common noun, neut. plur., nominative
NCNPG Ncnpg Common noun, neut. plur., genitive
NCNPD Ncnpd Common noun, neut. plur., dative
NCNPA Ncnpa Common noun, neut. plur., accusative
NPMSN Npmsn Proper noun, masc. sing., nominative
NPMSG Npmsg Proper noun, masc. sing., genitive
NPMSD Npmsd Proper noun, masc. sing., dative
NPMSA Npmsa Proper noun, masc. sing., accusative
NPMPN Npmpn Proper noun, masc. plur., nominative
NPMPG Npmpg Proper noun, masc. plur., genitive
NPMPD Npmpd Proper noun, masc. plur., dative
NPMPA Npmpa Proper noun, masc. plur., accusative
NPFSN Npfsn Proper noun, fem. sing., nominative
NPFSG Npfsg Proper noun, fem. sing., genitive
NPFSD Npfsd Proper noun, fem. sing., dative
NPFSA Npfsa Proper noun, fem. sing., accusative
NPFPN Npfpn Proper noun, fem. plur., nominative
NPFPG Npfpg Proper noun, fem. plur., genitive
NPFPD Npfpd Proper noun, fem. plur., dative
NPFPA Npfpa Proper noun, fem. plur., accusative
NPNSN Npnsn Proper noun, neut. sing., nominative
NPNSG Npnsg Proper noun, neut. sing., genitive
NPNSD Npnsd Proper noun, neut. sing., dative
NPNSA Npnsa Proper noun, neut. sing., accusative
NPNPN Npnpn Proper noun, neut. plur., nominative
NPNPG Npnpg Proper noun, neut. plur., genitive
NPNPD Npnpd Proper noun, neut. plur., dative
NPNPA Npnpa Proper noun, neut. plur., accusative
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.1.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Ncmsn NCMSN (der) Hund
Ncmsg NCMSG (des) Hundes
Ncmsd NCMSD (dem) Hunde
Ncmsa NCMSA (den) Hund
Ncmpn NCMPN (die) Hunde
Ncmpg NCMPG (der) Hunde
Ncmpd NCMPD (den) Hunden
Ncmpa NCMPA (die) Hunde
Ncfsn NCFSN (die) Frau
Ncfsn NCFSG (der) Frau
Ncfsd NCFSD (der) Frau
Ncfsa NCFSA (die) Frau
Ncfpn NCFPN (die) Frauen
Ncfpg NCFPG (der) Frauen
Ncfpd NCFPD (den) Frauen
Ncfpa NCFPA (die) Frauen
Ncnsn NCNSN (das) Kind
Ncnsg NCNSG (des) Kindes
Ncnsd NCNSD (dem) Kinde
Ncnsa NCNSA (das) Kind
Ncnpn NCNPN (die) Kinder
Ncnpg NCNPG (der) Kinder
Ncnpd NCNPD (den) Kindern
Ncnpa NCNPA (die) Kinder
Npmsn NPMSN Peter
Npmsg NPMSG Peters
Npmsd NPMSD Peter
Npmsa NPMSA Peter
Npmpn NPMPN Einsteins
Npmpg NPMPG Einsteins
Npmpd NPMPD Einsteins
Npmpa NPMPA Einsteins
Npfsn NPFSN Sabine
Npfsg NPFSG Sabines
Npfsd NPFSD Sabine
Npfsa NPFSA Sabine
Npfpn NPFPN Pyren"aen
Npfpg NPFPG Pyren"aen
Npfpd NPFPD Pyren"aen
Npfpa NPFPA Pyren"aen
Npnsn NPNSN Bayern
Npnsg NPNSG Bayerns
Npnsd NPNSD Bayern
Npnsa NPNSA Bayern
Npnpn NPNPN Bayerns
Npnpg NPNPG Bayerns
Npnpd NPNPD Bayerns
Npnpa NPNPA Bayerns
========= ======== ==============================================
5.2.2 Verbs (V)
---------------
5.2.2.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type main gehen m
modal sollen o this value has been added
auxiliary haben a
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Mood indicative geht i
subjunctive gehe s
imperative geht m
infinitive gehen n
inf. with inc. this value has been added
particle wegzugehen u
participle gehend p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Tense present geht p
imperfect ging i
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Person first bin 1
second bist 2
third ist 3
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Number singular geht s
plural gehen p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender /// /// -
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Clitic no hat n
yes hats y
============ =========== =========== ====
Notes:
a. Gender
There is no distinction in gender for the third person singular.
5.2.2.2. Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
VAIP1PN Vaip1p-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIP1PY Vaip1p-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VAII1PN Vaii1p-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII1PY Vaii1p-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VASP1PN Vasp1p-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VASP1PY Vasp1p-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VASI1PN Vasi1p-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI1PY Vasi1p-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VAIP1SN Vaip1s-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIP1SY Vaip1s-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VAII1SN Vaii1s-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII1SY Vaii1s-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VASP1SN Vasp1s-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VASP1SY Vasp1s-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VASI1SN Vasi1s-n Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI1SY Vasi1s-y Aux. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VAIP2PN Vaip2p-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIP2PY Vaip2p-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VAII2PN Vaii2p-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII2PY Vaii2p-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VASP2PN Vasp2p-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VASP2PY Vasp2p-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VASI2PN Vasi2p-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI2PY Vasi2p-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VAM2PN Vam-2p-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. imperative, nonclitic
VAM2PY Vam-2p-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. pl. imperative, clitic
VAIP2SN Vaip2s-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIP2SY Vaip2s-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VAII2SN Vaii2s-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII2SY Vaii2s-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VASP2SN Vasp2s-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VASP2SY Vasp2s-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VASI2SN Vasi2s-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI2SY Vasi2s-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VAM2SN Vam-2s-n Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. imperative, nonclitic
VAM2SY Vam-2s-y Aux. verb, 2nd pers. sg. imperative, clitic
VAIP3PN Vaip3p-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIP3PY Vaip3p-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VAII3PN Vaii3p-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII3PY Vaii3p-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VASP3PN Vasp3p-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclitic
VASP3PY Vasp3p-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VASI3PN Vasi3p-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI3PY Vasi3p-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VAIS3SN Vaip3s-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VAIS3SY Vaip3s-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VAII3SN Vaii3s-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VAII3SY Vaii3s-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VASP3SN Vasp3s-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VASP3SY Vasp3s-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VASI3SN Vasi3s-n Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VASI3SY Vasi3s-y Aux. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VAPS Vaps---- Aux. verb, past part.
VAN Van----- Aux. verb, infinitive
VAPP Vapp---- Aux. verb, pres. participle
VOIP1PN Voip1p-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIP1PY Voip1p-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VOII1PN Voii1p-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII1PY Voii1p-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP1PN Vosp1p-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP1PY Vosp1p-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI1PN Vosi1p-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI1PY Vosi1p-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VOIP1SN Voip1s-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIP1SY Voip1s-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VOII1SN Voii1s-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII1SY Voii1s-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP1SN Vosp1s-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP1SY Vosp1s-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI1SN Vosi1s-n Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI1SY Vosi1s-y Mod. verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp.,clitic
VOIP2PN Voip2p-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIP2PY Voip2p-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VOII2PN Voii2p-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII2PY Voii2p-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP2PN Vosp2p-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP2PY Vosp2p-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI2PN Vosi2p-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI2PY Vosi2p-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VOIP2SN Voip2s-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIP2SY Voip2s-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VOII2SN Voii2s-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII2SY Voii2s-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP2SN Vosp2s-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP2SY Vosp2s-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI2SN Vosi2s-n Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI2SY Vosi2s-y Mod. verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VOIP3PN Voip3p-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIP3PY Voip3p-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VOII3PN Voii3p-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII3PY Voii3p-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP3PN Vosp3p-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP3PY Vosp3p-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI3PN Vosi3p-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI3PY Vosi3p-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VOIS3SN Voip3s-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VOIS3SY Voip3s-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VOII3SN Voii3s-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VOII3SY Voii3s-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VOSP3SN Vosp3s-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VOSP3SY Vosp3s-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VOSI3SN Vosi3s-n Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VOSI3SY Vosi3s-y Mod. verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VOPS Vops---- Mod. verb, past part.
VON Von----- Mod. verb, infinitive
VOPP Vopp---- Mod. verb, pres. participle
VMIP1PN Vmip1p-n Main verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIP1PY Vmip1p-y Main verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VMII1PN Vmii1p-n Main verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII1PY Vmii1p-y Main verb, 1st pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP1PN Vmsp1p-n Main verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP1PY Vmsp1p-y Main verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI1PN Vmsi1p-n Main verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI1PY Vmsi1p-y Main verb, 1st pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VMIP1SN Vmip1s-n Main verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIP1SY Vmip1s-y Main verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VMII1SN Vmii1s-n Main verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII1SY Vmii1s-y Main verb, 1st pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP1SN Vmsp1s-n Main verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP1SY Vmsp1s-y Main verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI1SN Vmsi1s-n Main verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI1SY Vmsi1s-y Main verb, 1st pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VMIP2PN Vmip2p-n Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIP2PY Vmip2p-y Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VMII2PN Vmii2p-n Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII2PY Vmii2p-y Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP2PN Vmsp2p-n Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP2PY Vmsp2p-y Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI2PN Vmsi2p-n Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI2PY Vmsi2p-y Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VMM2PN Vmm-2p-n Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. imperative, nonclitic
VMM2PY Vmm-2p-y Main verb, 2nd pers. pl. imperative, clitic
VMIP2SN Vmip2s-n Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIP2SY Vmip2s-y Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VMII2SN Vmii2s-n Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII2SY Vmii2s-y Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP2SN Vmsp2s-n Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP2SY Vmsp2s-y Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI2SN Vmsi2s-n Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI2SY Vmsi2s-y Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VMM2SN Vmm-2s-n Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. imperative, nonclitic
VMM2SY Vmm-2s-y Main verb, 2nd pers. sg. imperative, clitic
VMIP3PN Vmip3p-n Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIP3PY Vmip3p-y Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. pres., clitic
VMII3PN Vmii3p-n Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII3PY Vmii3p-y Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP3PN Vmsp3p-n Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP3PY Vmsp3p-y Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI3PN Vmsi3p-n Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI3PY Vmsi3p-y Main verb, 3rd pers. pl. subj. imp., clitic
VMIS3SN Vmip3s-n Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., nonclitic
VMIS3SY Vmip3s-y Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. pres., clitic
VMII3SN Vmii3s-n Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., nonclitic
VMII3SY Vmii3s-y Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. ind. imp., clitic
VMSP3SN Vmsp3s-n Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., nonclit
VMSP3SY Vmsp3s-y Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. pres., clitic
VMSI3SN Vmsi3s-n Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., nonclitic
VMSI3SY Vmsi3s-y Main verb, 3rd pers. sg. subj. imp., clitic
VMPS Vmps---- Main verb, past part.
VMN Vmn----- Main verb, infinitive
VMU Vmu----- Main verb, infinitive with incorp. particle
VMPP Vmpp---- Main verb, pres. participle
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.2.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Vaip1p-n VAIP1PN sind
Vaip1p-y VAIP1PY sinds
Vaii1p-n VAII1PN waren
Vaii1p-y VAII1PY warens
Vasp1p-n VASP1PN seien
Vasp1p-y VASP1PY seiens
Vasi1p-n VASI1PN w"aren
Vasi1p-y VASI1PY w"arens
Vaip1s-n VAIP1SN bin
Vaip1s-y VAIP1SY bins
Vaii1s-n VAII1SN war
Vaii1s-y VAII1SY wars
Vasp1s-n VASP1SN sei
Vasp1s-y VASP1SY seis
Vasi1s-n VASI1SN w"are
Vasi1s-y VASI1SY w"ares
Vaip2p-n VAIP2PN seid
Vaip2p-y VAIP2PY seids
Vaii2p-n VAII2PN wart
Vaii2p-y VAII2PY warts
Vasp2p-n VASP2PN seiet
Vasp2p-y VASP2PY seiets
Vasi2p-n VASI2PN w"aret
Vasi2p-y VASI2PY w"arets
Vam-2p-n VAM2PN seid
Vam-2p-y VAM2PY seids
Vaip2s-n VAIP2SN bist
Vaip2s-y VAIP2SY bists
Vaii2s-n VAII2SN warst
Vaii2s-y VAII2SY warsts
Vasp2s-n VASP2SN seist
Vasp2s-y VASP2SY seists
Vasi2s-n VASI2SN w"arest
Vasi2s-y VASI2SY w"arests
Vam-2s-n VAM2SN sei
Vam-2s-y VAM2SY seis
Vaip3p-n VAIP3PN sind
Vaip3p-y VAIP3PY sinds
Vaii3p-n VAII3PN waren
Vaii3p-y VAII3PY warens
Vasp3p-n VASP3PN seien
Vasp3p-y VASP3PY seiens
Vasi3p-n VASI3PN w"aren
Vasi3p-y VASI3PY w"arens
Vaip3s-n VAIS3SN ist
Vaip3s-y VAIS3SY ists
Vaii3s-n VAII3SN war
Vaii3s-y VAII3SY wars
Vasp3s-n VASP3SN sei
Vasp3s-y VASP3SY seis
Vasi3s-n VASI3SN w"are
Vasi3s-y VASI3SY w"ares
Vaps---- VAPS gehabt
Van----- VAN haben
Vapp---- VAPP habend
Voip1p-n VOIP1PN sollen
Voip1p-y VOIP1PY sollens
Voii1p-n VOII1PN sollten
Voii1p-y VOII1PY solltens
Vosp1p-n VOSP1PN sollen
Vosp1p-y VOSP1PY sollens
Vosi1p-n VOSI1PN sollten
Vosi1p-y VOSI1PY solltens
Voip1s-n VOIP1SN soll
Voip1s-y VOIP1SY solls
Voii1s-n VOII1SN sollte
Voii1s-y VOII1SY solltes
Vosp1s-n VOSP1SN solle
Vosp1s-y VOSP1SY solles
Vosi1s-n VOSI1SN sollte
Vosi1s-y VOSI1SY solltes
Voip2p-n VOIP2PN sollt
Voip2p-y VOIP2PY sollts
Voii2p-n VOII2PN solltet
Voii2p-y VOII2PY solltets
Vosp2p-n VOSP2PN sollet
Vosp2p-y VOSP2PY sollets
Vosi2p-n VOSI2PN solltet
Vosi2p-y VOSI2PY solltets
Vom-2p-n VOM2PN sollt
Vom-2p-y VOM2PY sollts
Voip2s-n VOIP2SN sollst
Voip2s-y VOIP2SY sollsts
Voii2s-n VOII2SN solltest
Voii2s-y VOII2SY solltests
Vosp2s-n VOSP2SN sollest
Vosp2s-y VOSP2SY sollests
Vosi2s-n VOSI2SN solltest
Vosi2s-y VOSI2SY solltests
Vom-2s-n VOM2SN soll
Vom-2s-y VOM2SY solls
Voip3p-n VOIP3PN sollen
Voip3p-y VOIP3PY sollens
Voii3p-n VOII3PN sollten
Voii3p-y VOII3PY solltens
Vosp3p-n VOSP3PN sollen
Vosp3p-y VOSP3PY sollens
Vosi3p-n VOSI3PN sollten
Vosi3p-y VOSI3PY solltens
Voip3s-n VOIS3SN soll
Voip3s-y VOIS3SY solls
Voii3s-n VOII3SN sollte
Voii3s-y VOII3SY solltes
Vosp3s-n VOSP3SN solle
Vosp3s-y VOSP3SY solles
Vosi3s-n VOSI3SN sollte
Vosi3s-y VOSI3SY solltes
Vops---- VOPS gesollt
Von----- VON sollen
Vopp---- VOPP sollend
Vmip1p-n VMIP1PN schreiben
Vmip1p-y VMIP1PY schreibens
Vmii1p-n VMII1PN schrieben
Vmii1p-y VMII1PY schriebens
Vmsp1p-n VMSP1PN schreiben
Vmsp1p-y VMSP1PY schreibens
Vmsi1p-n VMSI1PN schrieben
Vmsi1p-y VMSI1PY schriebens
Vmip1s-n VMIP1SN schreibe
Vmip1s-y VMIP1SY schreibes
Vmii1s-n VMII1SN schrieb
Vmii1s-y VMII1SY schriebs
Vmsp1s-n VMSP1SN schreibe
Vmsp1s-y VMSP1SY schreibes
Vmsi1s-n VMSI1SN schriebe
Vmsi1s-y VMSI1SY schriebes
Vmip2p-n VMIP2PN schreibt
Vmip2p-y VMIP2PY schreibts
Vmii2p-n VMII2PN schriebt
Vmii2p-y VMII2PY schriebts
Vmsp2p-n VMSP2PN schreibet
Vmsp2p-y VMSP2PY schreibets
Vmsi2p-n VMSI2PN schriebet
Vmsi2p-y VMSI2PY schriebets
Vmm-2p-n VMM2PN schreibt
Vmm-2p-y VMM2PY schreibts
Vmip2s-n VMIP2SN schreibst
Vmip2s-y VMIP2SY schreibsts
Vmii2s-n VMII2SN schriebst
Vmii2s-y VMII2SY schriebsts
Vmsp2s-n VMSP2SN schreibest
Vmsp2s-y VMSP2SY schreibests
Vmsi2s-n VMSI2SN schriebest
Vmsi2s-y VMSI2SY schriebests
Vmm-2s-n VMM2SN schreib
Vmm-2s-y VMM2SY schreibs
Vmip3p-n VMIP3PN schreiben
Vmip3p-y VMIP3PY schreibens
Vmii3p-n VMII3PN schrieben
Vmii3p-y VMII3PY schriebens
Vmsp3p-n VMSP3PN schreiben
Vmsp3p-y VMSP3PY schreibens
Vmsi3p-n VMSI3PN schrieben
Vmsi3p-y VMSI3PY schriebens
Vmip3s-n VMIS3SN schreibt
Vmip3s-y VMIS3SY schreibts
Vmii3s-n VMII3SN schrieb
Vmii3s-y VMII3SY schriebs
Vmsp3s-n VMSP3SN schreibe
Vmsp3s-y VMSP3SY schreibes
Vmsi3s-n VMSI3SN schriebe
Vmsi3s-y VMSI3SY schriebes
Vm---ps- VMPS gegangen
Vm---n-- VMN schreiben
Vm---u-- VMU wegzuschreiben
Vm---pp- VMPP schreibend
========================== =============
Note:
Adding participles here would imply the addition of adjective
features. Morphologically at least, participles behave like
adjectives. A good - but not very elegant - solution would therefore
be to handle participles as a type of adjective.
Secondly there are ambigous cases, e.g.
Er ist ger"uhrt.
where ger"uhrt is a participle, but might be tagged either as a verb
or an adjective, depending on the context. This would be violating the
assumption for applicativeness. The best solution at hand is to treat
these forms as ambiguous with respect to membership in a word class
(adjective and verb, respectively). However, this is a mixture of
morphosyntactic with distributional criteria, and therefore
unsatisfactory.
5.2.3 Adjectives (A)
--------------------
5.2.3.1. Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type qualificat. gut f
ordinal zweites o
cardinal zwei c this value has been added
possessive mein s
part1 lachende 1 this value has been added
part2 gesungene 2 this value has been added
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Degree positive gut p
comparative besser c
superlative beste s
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender masculine guter m
feminine gute f
neuter gutes n
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Number singular guter s
plural gute p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Case nominative guter n
genitive guten g
dative guten d
accusative guten a
============ =========== =========== ====
Notes
a. We decided to include cardinal as well as ordinal numbers.
Therefore there is no special class for numerals.
b. Although we have doubts concerning the "possessive adjectives" and
would prefer to add the form
(Der Ball ist) mein
and
das ist meins
to the possessive Determiner or Pronouns because 'mein' originally is
a possessive pronoun, we recognize that the present definition of
these categories does not allow the addition of the value
'predicative'. This treatment is therefore a compromise.
c. German adjectives can be used in an attributive or a predicative
mode. Predicative adjectives are not marked for gender, case or number
with the exception of possessive and ordinal adjectives.
d. It would be necessary to specify the inflection type. The
inflection type reflects the place of an adjective in an NP (following
a determiner, an article, or none of these). Values are strong, mixed,
and weak. However, we have left this feature in this generic version.
e. part1 refers to adjectives that are derived from present
participles.
part2 refers to adjectives that are derived from past participles.
5.2.3.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
AMSN A..msn Adjective masc. sing. nominative
AMSG A..msg Adjective masc. sing. genitive
AMSD A..msd Adjective masc. sing. dative
AMSA A..msa Adjective masc. sing. accusative
AMPN A..mpn Adjective masc. plur. nominative
AMPG A..mpg Adjective masc. plur. genitive
AMPD A..mpd Adjective masc. plur. dative
AMPA A..mpa Adjective masc. plur. accusative
AFSN A..fsn Adjective fem. sing. nominative
AFSG A..fsg Adjective fem. sing. genitive
AFSD A..fsd Adjective fem. sing. dative
AFSA A..fsa Adjective fem. sing. accusative
AFPN A..fpn Adjective fem. plur. nominative
AFPG A..fpg Adjective fem. plur. genitive
AFPD A..fpd Adjective fem. plur. dative
AFPA A..fpa Adjective fem. plur. accusative
ANSN A..fsn Adjective neut. sing. nominative
ANSG A..fsg Adjective neut. sing. genitive
ANSD A..fsd Adjective neut. sing. dative
ANSA A..fsa Adjective neut. sing. accusative
ANPN A..fpn Adjective neut. plur. nominative
ANPG A..fpg Adjective neut. plur. genitive
ANPD A..fpd Adjective neut. plur. dative
ANPA A..fpa Adjective neut. plur. accusative
A A[q12][pc]--- Adjective, predic. without gender mark,comparable
AP A[cp]--- Adjective, predic. without g.m., not comparable
AP. A[op]p.-- Adjective, predic. with gender mark and num.mark
AS A[q12]s--- Adjective, predicative superlative
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.3.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Aqpmsn AMSN gute
Aqpmsg AMSG guten
Aqpmsd AMSD guten
Aqpmsa AMSA guten
Aqpmpn AMPN guten
Aqpmpg AMPG guten
Aqpmpd AMPD guten
Aqpmpa AMPA guten
Aqpfsn AFSN gute
Aqpfsg AFSG guten
Aqpfsd AFSD guten
Aqpfsa AFSA gute
Aqpfpn AFPN guten
Aqpfpg AFPG guten
Aqpfpd AFPD guten
Aqpfpa AFPA guten
Aqpnsn ANSN gute
Aqpnsg ANSG guten
Aqpnsd ANSD guten
Aqpnsa ANSA gute
Aqpnpn ANPN guten
Aqpnpg ANPG guten
Aqpnpd ANPD guten
Aqpnpa ANPA guten
Aqcmsn AMSN bessere
Aqcmsg AMSG besseren
Aqcmsd AMSD besseren
Aqcmsa AMSA besseren
Aqcmpn AMPN besseren
Aqcmpg AMPG besseren
Aqcmpd AMPD besseren
Aqcmpa AMPA besseren
Aqcfsn AFSN bessere
Aqcfsg AFSG besseren
Aqcfsd AFSD besseren
Aqcfsa AFSA bessere
Aqcfpn AFPN besseren
Aqcfpg AFPG besseren
Aqcfpd AFPD besseren
Aqcfpa AFPA besseren
Aqcnsn ANSN bessere
Aqcnsg ANSG besseren
Aqcnsd ANSD besseren
Aqcnsa ANSA bessere
Aqcnpn ANPN besseren
Aqcnpg ANPG besseren
Aqcnpd ANPD besseren
Aqcnpa ANPA besseren
Aqsmsn AMSN beste
Aqsmsg AMSG besten
Aqsmsd AMSD besten
Aqsmsa AMSA besten
Aqsmpn AMPN besten
Aqsmpg AMPG besten
Aqsmpd AMPD besten
Aqsmpa AMPA besten
Aqsfsn AFSN beste
Aqsfsg AFSG besten
Aqsfsd AFSD besten
Aqsfsa AFSA beste
Aqsfpn AFPN besten
Aqsfpg AFPG besten
Aqsfpd AFPD besten
Aqsfpa AFPA besten
Aqsnsn ANSN beste
Aqsnsg ANSG besten
Aqsnsd ANSD besten
Aqsnsa ANSA beste
Aqsnpn ANPN besten
Aqsnpg ANPG besten
Aqsnpd ANPD besten
Aqsnpa ANPA besten
Aopmsn AMSN zweite
Aopmsg AMSG zweiten
Aopmsd AMSD zweiten
Aopmsa AMSA zweiten
Aopmpn AMPN zweiten
Aopmpg AMPG zweiten
Aopmpd AMPD zweiten
Aopmpa AMPA zweiten
Aopfsn AFSN zweite
Aopfsg AFSG zweiten
Aopfsd AFSD zweiten
Aopfsa AFSA zweite
Aopfpn AFPN zweiten
Aopfpg AFPG zweiten
Aopfpd AFPD zweiten
Aopfpa AFPA zweiten
Aopnsn ANSN zweite
Aopnsg ANSG zweiten
Aopnsd ANSD zweiten
Aopnsa ANSA zweite
Aopnpn ANPN zweiten
Aopnpg ANPG zweiten
Aopnpd ANPD zweiten
Aopnpa ANPA zweiten
Acpmpn AMPN zwei
Acpmpg AMPG zwei
Acpmpd AMPD zwei
Acpmpa AMPA zwei
Acpfpn AFPN zwei
Acpfpg AFPG zwei
Acpfpd AFPD zwei
Acpfpa AFPA zwei
Acpnpn ANPN zwei
Acpnpg ANPG zwei
Acpnpd ANPD zwei
Acpnpa ANPA zwei
A1pmsn AMSN beruhigende
A1pmsg AMSG beruhigenden
A1pmsd AMSD beruhigenden
A1pmsa AMSA beruhigenden
A1pmpn AMPN beruhigenden
A1pmpg AMPG beruhigenden
A1pmpd AMPD beruhigenden
A1pmpa AMPA beruhigenden
A1pfsn AFSN beruhigende
A1pfsg AFSG beruhigenden
A1pfsd AFSD beruhigenden
A1pfsa AFSA beruhigende
A1pfpn AFPN beruhigenden
A1pfpg AFPG beruhigenden
A1pfpd AFPD beruhigenden
A1pfpa AFPA beruhigenden
A1pnsn ANSN beruhigende
A1pnsg ANSG beruhigenden
A1pnsd ANSD beruhigenden
A1pnsa ANSA beruhigende
A1pnpn ANPN beruhigenden
A1pnpg ANPG beruhigenden
A1pnpd ANPD beruhigenden
A1pnpa ANPA beruhigenden
A1cmsn AMSN beruhigendere
A1cmsg AMSG beruhigenderen
A1cmsd AMSD beruhigenderen
A1cmsa AMSA beruhigenderen
A1cmpn AMPN beruhigenderen
A1cmpg AMPG beruhigenderen
A1cmpd AMPD beruhigenderen
A1cmpa AMPA beruhigenderen
A1cfsn AFSN beruhigendere
A1cfsg AFSG beruhigenderen
A1cfsd AFSD beruhigenderen
A1cfsa AFSA beruhigendere
A1cfpn AFPN beruhigenderen
A1cfpg AFPG beruhigenderen
A1cfpd AFPD beruhigenderen
A1cfpa AFPA beruhigenderen
A1cnsn ANSN beruhigendere
A1cnsg ANSG beruhigenderen
A1cnsd ANSD beruhigenderen
A1cnsa ANSA beruhigendere
A1cnpn ANPN beruhigenderen
A1cnpg ANPG beruhigenderen
A1cnpd ANPD beruhigenderen
A1cnpa ANPA beruhigenderen
A1smsn AMSN beruhigendste
A1smsg AMSG beruhigendsten
A1smsd AMSD beruhigendsten
A1smsa AMSA beruhigendsten
A1smpn AMPN beruhigendsten
A1smpg AMPG beruhigendsten
A1smpd AMPD beruhigendsten
A1smpa AMPA beruhigendsten
A1sfsn AFSN beruhigendste
A1sfsg AFSG beruhigendsten
A1sfsd AFSD beruhigendsten
A1sfsa AFSA beruhigendste
A1sfpn AFPN beruhigendsten
A1sfpg AFPG beruhigendsten
A1sfpd AFPD beruhigendsten
A1sfpa AFPA beruhigendsten
A1snsn ANSN beruhigendste
A1snsg ANSG beruhigendsten
A1snsd ANSD beruhigendsten
A1snsa ANSA beruhigendste
A1snpn ANPN beruhigendsten
A1snpg ANPG beruhigendsten
A1snpd ANPD beruhigendsten
A1snpa ANPA beruhigendsten
A2pmsn AMSN geachtete
A2pmsg AMSG geachteten
A2pmsd AMSD geachteten
A2pmsa AMSA geachteten
A2pmpn AMPN geachteten
A2pmpg AMPG geachteten
A2pmpd AMPD geachteten
A2pmpa AMPA geachteten
A2pfsn AFSN geachtete
A2pfsg AFSG geachteten
A2pfsd AFSD geachteten
A2pfsa AFSA geachtete
A2pfpn AFPN geachteten
A2pfpg AFPG geachteten
A2pfpd AFPD geachteten
A2pfpa AFPA geachteten
A2pnsn ANSN geachtete
A2pnsg ANSG geachteten
A2pnsd ANSD geachteten
A2pnsa ANSA geachtete
A2pnpn ANPN geachteten
A2pnpg ANPG geachteten
A2pnpd ANPD geachteten
A2pnpa ANPA geachteten
A2cmsn AMSN geachtetere
A2cmsg AMSG geachteteren
A2cmsd AMSD geachteteren
A2cmsa AMSA geachteteren
A2cmpn AMPN geachteteren
A2cmpg AMPG geachteteren
A2cmpd AMPD geachteteren
A2cmpa AMPA geachteteren
A2cfsn AFSN geachtetere
A2cfsg AFSG geachteteren
A2cfsd AFSD geachteteren
A2cfsa AFSA geachtetere
A2cfpn AFPN geachteteren
A2cfpg AFPG geachteteren
A2cfpd AFPD geachteteren
A2cfpa AFPA geachteteren
A2cnsn ANSN geachtetere
A2cnsg ANSG geachteteren
A2cnsd ANSD geachteteren
A2cnsa ANSA geachtetere
A2cnpn ANPN geachteteren
A2cnpg ANPG geachteteren
A2cnpd ANPD geachteteren
A2cnpa ANPA geachteteren
A2smsn AMSN geachtetste
A2smsg AMSG geachtetsten
A2smsd AMSD geachtetsten
A2smsa AMSA geachtetsten
A2smpn AMPN geachtetsten
A2smpg AMPG geachtetsten
A2smpd AMPD geachtetsten
A2smpa AMPA geachtetsten
A2sfsn AFSN geachtetste
A2sfsg AFSG geachtetsten
A2sfsd AFSD geachtetsten
A2sfsa AFSA geachtetste
A2sfpn AFPN geachtetsten
A2sfpg AFPG geachtetsten
A2sfpd AFPD geachtetsten
A2sfpa AFPA geachtetsten
A2snsn ANSN geachtetste
A2snsg ANSG geachtetsten
A2snsd ANSD geachtetsten
A2snsa ANSA geachtetste
A2snpn ANPN geachtetsten
A2snpg ANPG geachtetsten
A2snpd ANPD geachtetsten
A2snpa ANPA geachtetsten
Aqp A gut
Aqc A besser
A1p A beruhigend
A1c A beruhigender
A2p A geachtet
A2c A geachteter
Acp ACP zwei
Asp AP mein
Aopms AP. zweiter
Aopfs AP. zweite
Aopns AP. zweites
Aop-p AP. zweite
Aspms AP. meiner
Aspfs AP. meine
Aspns AP. meines
Asp-p AP. meine
Aqs AS besten
A1s AS beruhigendsten
A2s AS geachtetesten
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.4 Pronouns (P)
------------------
5.2.4.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type personal ich p
demonstrat. dieser d
indefinite kein i
interrog. wer t
relative der r
reflexive sich x
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Person first ich 1
second du 2
third es 3
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender masculine dieser m
feminine diese f
neutre dieses n
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Number singular dieser s
plural diese p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Case nominative dieser n
genitive dieses g
dative diesem d
accusative diesen a
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Possessor - - -
============ =========== =========== ====
Notes
a. Possessive. In German there are no possessives in pronominal use,
so we do not need the attribute possessor here.
5.2.4.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
PP1SN Pp1-sn Personal pron., 1st pers. sing., nomin.
PP1SG Pp1-sg Personal pron., 1st pers. sing., gen.
P1SD P[px]1-sd Personal pron., 1st pers. sing., dat.
P1SA P[px]1-sa Personal pron., 1st pers. sing., acc.
PP2SN Pp2-sn Personal pron., 2nd pers. sing., nomin.
PP2SG Pp2-sg Personal pron., 2nd pers. sing., gen.
P2SD P[px]2-sd Personal pron., 2nd pers. sing., dat.
P2SN P[px]2-sa Personal pron., 2nd pers. sing., acc.
PP3MSN Pp3msn Personal pron., 3rd pers., masc., sing.,nomin.
PP3MSG Pp3msg Personal pron., 3rd pers., masc., sing., gen.
PP3MSD Pp3msd Personal pron., 3rd pers., masc., sing., dat.
PP3MSA Pp3msa Personal pron., 3rd pers., masc., sing., acc.
PP3FSN Pp3fsn Personal pron., 3rd pers., fem., sing., nomin.
PP3FSG Pp3fsg Personal pron., 3rd pers., fem., sing., gen.
PP3FSD Pp3fsd Personal pron., 3rd pers., fem., sing., dat.
PP3FSA Pp3fsa Personal pron., 3rd pers., fem., sing., acc.
PP3NSN Pp3nsn Personal pron., 3rd pers., neut., sing., nomin.
PP3NSG Pp3nsg Personal pron., 3rd pers., neut., sing., gen.
PP3NSD Pp3nsd Personal pron., 3rd pers., neut., sing., dat.
PP3NSA Pp3nsa Personal pron., 3rd pers., neut., sing., acc.
PP1PN Pp1-pn Personal pron., 1st pers. plur., nomin.
PP1PG Pp1-pg Personal pron., 1st pers. plur., gen.
P1PD P[px]1-pd Personal/Refl. pron., 1st pers. plur., dat.
P1PA P[px]1-pa Personal/Refl. pron., 1st pers. plur., acc.
PP2PN Pp2-pn Personal pron., 2nd pers. plur., nomin.
PP2PG Pp2-pg Personal pron., 2nd pers. plur., gen.
P2PD P[px]2-pd Personal/Refl. pron., 2nd pers. plur., dat.
P2PA P[px]2-pn Personal/Refl. pron., 2nd pers. plur., acc.
PP3PN Pp3-pn Personal pron., 3rd pers. plur., nomin.
PP3PG Pp3-pg Personal pron., 3rd pers. plur., gen.
PP3PD Pp3-pd Personal pron., 3rd pers. plur., dat.
PP3PA Pp3-pn Personal pron., 3rd pers. plur., acc.
PDMSN Pd-msn Dem. pronoun, masc., sing., nominative
PDMSG Pd-msg Dem. pronoun, masc. sing. genitive
PDMSD Pd-msd Dem. pronoun, masc. sing. dative
PDMSA Pd-msa Dem. pronoun, masc. sing. accusative
PDFSN Pd-fsn Dem. pronoun, fem. sing. nominativ
PDFSG Pd-fsg Dem. pronoun, fem. sing. genitive
PDFSD Pd-fsd Dem. pronoun, fem. sing. dative
PDFSA Pd-fsa Dem. pronoun, fem. sing. accusative
PDNSN Pd-nsn Dem. pronoun, neut. sing. nominativ
PDNSG Pd-nsg Dem. pronoun, neut. sing. genitive
PDNSD Pd-nsd Dem. pronoun, neut. sing. dative
PDNSA Pd-nsa Dem. pronoun, neut. sing. accusative
PDPN Pd--pn Dem. pronoun, plur. nominative
PDPG Pd--pg Dem. pronoun, plur. genitive
PDPD Pd--pd Dem. pronoun, plur. dative
PDPA Pd--pa Dem. pronoun, plur. accusative
PIMSN Pi-msn Indef. pronoun, masc. sing. nominative
PIMSG Pi-msg Indef. pronoun, masc. sing. genitive
PIMSD Pi-msd Indef. pronoun, masc. sing. dative
PIMSA Pi-msa Indef. pronoun, masc. sing. accusative
PIFSN Pi-fsn Indef. pronoun, fem. sing. nominativ
PIFSG Pi-fsg Indef. pronoun, fem. sing. genitive
PIFSD Pi-fsd Indef. pronoun, fem. sing. dative
PIFSA Pi-fsa Indef. pronoun, fem. sing. accusative
PINSN Pi-nsn Indef. pronoun, neut. sing. nominativ
PINSG Pi-nsg Indef. pronoun, neut. sing. genitive
PINSD Pi-nsd Indef. pronoun, neut. sing. dative
PINSA Pi-nsa Indef. pronoun, neut. sing. accusative
PIPN Pi--pn Indef. pronoun, plur. nominative
PIPG Pi--pg Indef. pronoun, plur. genitive
PIPD Pi--pd Indef. pronoun, plur. dative
PIPA Pi--pa Indef. pronoun, plur. accusative
PTN Pt--n Interrogative pronoun, nom.
PTG Pt--g Interrogative pronoun, gen.
PTD Pt--d Interrogative pronoun, dat.
PTA Pt--a Interrogative pronoun, acc.
PRMSN Pr-msn Rel. pronoun, masc. sing. nominative
PRMSG Pr-msg Rel. pronoun, masc. sing. genitive
PRMSD Pr-msd Rel. pronoun, masc. sing. dative
PRMSA Pr-msa Rel. pronoun, masc. sing. accusative
PRFSN Pr-fsn Rel. pronoun, fem. sing. nominativ
PRFSG Pr-fsg Rel. pronoun, fem. sing. genitive
PRFSD Pr-fsd Rel. pronoun, fem. sing. dative
PRFSA Pr-fsa Rel. pronoun, fem. sing. accusative
PRNSN Pr-nsn Rel. pronoun, neut. sing. nominativ
PRNSG Pr-nsg Rel. pronoun, neut. sing. genitive
PRNSD Pr-nsd Rel. pronoun, neut. sing. dative
PRNSA Pr-nsa Rel. pronoun, neut. sing. accusative
PRPN Pr--pn Rel. pronoun, plur. nominative
PRPG Pr--pg Rel. pronoun, plur. genitive
PRPD Pr--pd Rel. pronoun, plur. dative
PRPA Pr--pa Rel. pronoun, plur. accusative
PX3 Px3-.[da] Refl. pronoun, 3rd pers.
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.4.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Pp1-sn PP1SN ich
Pp1-sg PP1SG meiner
Pp1-sd P1SD mir
Pp1-sa P1SA mich
Px1-sd P1SD mir
Px1-sa P1SA mich
Pp2-sn PP2SN du
Pp2-sg PP2SG deiner
Pp2-sd P2SD dich
Pp2-sa P2SA dir
Px2-sd P2SD dich
Px2-sa P2SA dir
Pp3msn PP3MSN er
Pp3msg PP3MSG seiner
Pp3msd P3SD ihm
Pp3msa P3SA ihn
Pp3fsn PP3FSN sie
Pp3fsg PP3FSG ihrer
Pp3fsd P3SD sie
Pp3fsa P3SA sie
Pp3nsn PP3NSN es
Pp3nsg PP3NSG seiner
Pp3nsd P3SD ihm
Pp3nsa P3SA es
Pp1-pn PP1PN wir
Pp1-pg PP1PG unser
Pp1-pd P1PD uns
Pp1-pa P1PA uns
Px1-pd P1PD uns
Px1-pa P1PA uns
Pp2-pn PP2PN ihr
Pp2-pg PP2PG eurer
Pp2-pd P2PD euch
Pp2-pn P2PA euch
Px2-pd P2PD euch
Px2-pn P2PA euch
Pp3-pn PP3PN sie
Pp3-pg PP3PG ihrer
Pp3-pd PP3PD ihnen
Pp3-pn PP3PN sie
Pd-ms PDMSN dieser
Pd-msg PDMSG dieses
Pd-msd PDMSD diesem
Pd-msa PDMSA diesen
Pd-fsn PDFSN diese
Pd-fsg PDFSG dieser
Pd-fs PDFSD dieser
Pd-fsa PDFSA diese
Pd-nsn PDNSN dieses
Pd-nsg PDNSG dieses
Pd-nsd PDNSD diesem
Pd-nsa PDNSA dieses
Pd--pn PDPN diese
Pd--pg PDPG dieser
Pd--pd PDPD diesen
Pd--pa PDPA diese
Pi-msn PIMSN keiner
Pi-msg PIMSG keines
Pi-msd PIMSD keinem
Pi-msa PIMSA keinen
Pi-fsn PIFSN keine
Pi-fsg PIFSG keiner
Pi-fsd PIFSD keiner
Pi-fsa PIFSA keine
Pi-nsn PINSN keines
Pi-nsg PINSG keines
Pi-nsd PINSD keinem
Pi-nsa PINSA keines
Pi--pn PIPN keine
Pi--pg PIPG keiner
Pi--pd PIPD keinem
Pi--pa PIPA keinen
Pt--n PTN wer
Pt--g PTG wessen
Pt--d PTD wem
Pt--a PTA was
Pr-msn PRMSN der
Pr-msg PRMSG dessen
Pr-msd PRMSD dem
Pr-msa PRMSA den
Pr-fsn PRFSN die
Pr-fsg PRFSG deren
Pr-fsd PRFSD der
Pr-fsa PRFSA die
Pr-nsn PRNSN das
Pr-nsg PRNSG dessen
Pr-nsd PRNSD dem
Pr-nsa PRNSA das
Pr--pn PRPN die
Pr--pg PRPG deren
Pr--pd PRPD denen
Pr--pa PRPA die
Px3-sa P3SA sich
Px3-sd P3SD sich
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.5. Determiners (D)
----------------------
5.2.5.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type demonstrat. dieser d
indefinite kein i
possessive mein s
interrog. welche t
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Person first mein 1
second dein 2
third sein 3
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender masculine dieser m
feminine diese f
neutre dieses n
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Number singular dieser s
plural diese p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Case nominative dieser n
genitive dieses g
dative diesem d
accusative diesen a
------------ ---------- ----------- ----
Possessor - - -
============= ============ =========== ====
Note:
We included "person" as a feature in the lexical list, but we doubt
whether this treatment is useful, at least seen from a German point of
view. We prefer to treat the six possessive determiners which are
derived from the personal pronouns as different lexemes.
Otherwise, the feature "Number" would have to be specified twice.
First, to mark the proper attributes of the basic pronoun (e.g. 1.
person plural for "unser") and second to mark the features of
agreement with the head of the NP ("unser Leben" vs. "unsere Kinder").
Furthermore, the person information is of semantic character for the
possessive determiner, in contrast to the underlying personal pronoun,
where the person information is also a feature of agreement with the
verb or VP of a sentence.
The attribute 'possessor' is not grammatically relevant.
5.2.5.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
DDMSN Dd-msn- Dem. determiner, masc., sing., nominative
DDMSG Dd-msg- Dem. determiner, masc. sing. genitive
DDMSD Dd-msd- Dem. determiner, masc. sing. dative
DDMSA Dd-msa- Dem. determiner, masc. sing. accusative
DDFSN Dd-fsn- Dem. determiner, fem. sing. nominativ
DDFSG Dd-fsg- Dem. determiner, fem. sing. genitive
DDFSD Dd-fsd- Dem. determiner, fem. sing. dative
DDFSA Dd-fsa- Dem. determiner, fem. sing. accusative
DDNSN Dd-nsn- Dem. determiner, neut. sing. nominativ
DDNSG Dd-nsg- Dem. determiner, neut. sing. genitive
DDNSD Dd-nsd- Dem. determiner, neut. sing. dative
DDNSA Dd-nsa- Dem. determiner, neut. sing. accusative
DDDN Dd--pn- Dem. determiner, plur. nominative
DDDG Dd--pg- Dem. determiner, plur. genitive
DDDD Dd--pd- Dem. determiner, plur. dative
DDDA Dd--pa- Dem. determiner, plur. accusative
DIMSN Di-msn- Indef. determiner, masc. sing. nominative
DIMSG Di-msg- Indef. determiner, masc. sing. genitive
DIMSD Di-msd- Indef. determiner, masc. sing. dative
DIMSA Di-msa- Indef. determiner, masc. sing. accusative
DIFSN Di-fsn- Indef. determiner, fem. sing. nominativ
DIFSG Di-fsg- Indef. determiner, fem. sing. genitive
DIFSD Di-fsd- Indef. determiner, fem. sing. dative
DIFSA Di-fsa- Indef. determiner, fem. sing. accusative
DINSN Di-nsn- Indef. determiner, neut. sing. nominativ
DINSG Di-nsg- Indef. determiner, neut. sing. genitive
DINSD Di-nsd- Indef. determiner, neut. sing. dative
DINSA Di-nsa- Indef. determiner, neut. sing. accusative
DIPN Di--pn- Indef. determiner, plur. nominative
DIPG Di--pg- Indef. determiner, plur. genitive
DIPD Di--pd- Indef. determiner, plur. dative
DIPA Di--pa- Indef. determiner, plur. accusative
DPMSN Dp-msn- Poss. determiner, masc. sing. nominative
DPMSG Dp-msg- Poss. determiner, masc. sing. genitive
DPMSD Dp-msd- Poss. determiner, masc. sing. dative
DPMSA Dp-msa- Poss. determiner, masc. sing. accusative
DPFSN Dp-fsn- Poss. determiner, fem. sing. nominativ
DPFSG Dp-fsg- Poss. determiner, fem. sing. genitive
DPFSD Dp-fsd- Poss. determiner, fem. sing. dative
DPFSA Dp-fsa- Poss. determiner, fem. sing. accusative
DPNSN Dp-nsn- Poss. determiner, neut. sing. nominativ
DPNSG Dp-nsg- Poss. determiner, neut. sing. genitive
DPNSD Dp-nsd- Poss. determiner, neut. sing. dative
DPNSA Dp-nsa- Poss. determiner, neut. sing. accusative
DPDN Dp--pn- Poss. determiner, plur. nominative
DPDG Dp--pg- Poss. determiner, plur. genitive
DPDD Dp--pd- Poss. determiner, plur. dative
DPDA Dp--pa- Poss. determiner, plur. accusative
DTMSN Dt-msn- Interrog. determiner, masc. sing. nominative
DTMSG Dt-msg- Interrog. determiner, masc. sing. genitive
DTMSD Dt-msd- Interrog. determiner, masc. sing. dative
DTMSA Dt-msa- Interrog. determiner, masc. sing. accusative
DTFSN Dt-fsn- Interrog. determiner, fem. sing. nominativ
DTFSG Dt-fsg- Interrog. determiner, fem. sing. genitive
DTFSD Dt-fsd- Interrog. determiner, fem. sing. dative
DTFSA Dt-fsa- Interrog. determiner, fem. sing. accusative
DTNSN Dt-nsn- Interrog. determiner, neut. sing. nominativ
DTNSG Dt-nsg- Interrog. determiner, neut. sing. genitive
DTNSD Dt-nsd- Interrog. determiner, neut. sing. dative
DTNSA Dt-nsa- Interrog. determiner, neut. sing. accusative
DTDN Dt--pn- Interrog. determiner, plur. nominative
DTDG Dt--pg- Interrog. determiner, plur. genitive
DTDD Dt--pd- Interrog. determiner, plur. dative
DTDA Dt--pa- Interrog. determiner, plur. accusative
5.2.5.3 Combinations
======= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
======= ======= =============================================
Dd-msn- DDMSN dieser
Dd-msg- DDMSG dieses
Dd-msd- DDMSD diesem
Dd-msa- DDMSA diesen
Dd-fsn- DDFSN diese
Dd-fsg- DDFSG dieser
Dd-fs- DDFSD dieser
Dd-fsa- DDFSA diese
Dd-nsn- DDNSN dieses
Dd-nsg- DDNSG dieses
Dd-nsd- DDNSD diesem
Dd-nsa- DDNSA dieses
Dd--pn- DDPN diese
Dd--pg- DDPG dieser
Dd--pd- DDPD diesen
Dd--pa- DDPA diese
Di-msn- DIMSN keiner
Di-msg- DIMSG keines
Di-msd- DIMSD keinem
Di-msa- DIMSA keinen
Di-fsn- DIFSN keine
Di-fsg- DIFSG keiner
Di-fsd- DIFSD keiner
Di-fsa- DIFSA keine
Di-nsn- DINSN keines
Di-nsg- DINSG keines
Di-nsd- DINSD keinem
Di-nsa- DINSA keines
Di--pn- DIPN keine
Di--pg- DIPG keiner
Di--pd- DIPD keinen
Di--pa- DIPA keine
Dp-msn- DPMSN meiner
Dp-msg- DPMSG meines
Dp-msd- DPMSD meinem
Dp-msa- DPMSA meinen
Dp-fsn- DPFSN meine
Dp-fsg- DPFSG meiner
Dp-fsd- DPFSD meiner
Dp-fsa- DPFSA meine
Dp-nsn- DPNSN meines
Dp-nsg- DPNSG meines
Dp-nsd- DPNSD meinem
Dp-nsa- DPNSA meines
Dp--pn- DPPN meine
Dp--pg- DPPG meiner
Dp--pd- DPPD meinen
Dp--pa- DPPA meine
Dt-msn- DTMSN welcher
Dt-msg- DTMSG welches
Dt-msd- DTMSD welchem
Dt-msa- DTMSA welchen
Dt-fsn- DTFSN welche
Dt-fsg- DTFSG welcher
Dt-fsd- DTFSD welcher
Dt-fsa- DTFSA welche
Dt-nsn- DTNSN welches
Dt-nsg- DTNSG welches
Dt-nsd- DTNSD welchem
Dt-nsa- DTNSA welches
Dt--pn- DTPN welche
Dt--pg- DTPG welcher
Dt--pd- DTPD welchen
Dt--pa- DTPA welche
Note:
We deliberately treat the Articles as an extra class, but related to
the Determiners. The syntactic behaviour of Articles and Determiners
in NPs is different, as can be seen by the adjective in the following
examples:
Ein kleines Haus
Welches kleine Haus ?
This difference supports our attitude towards separating articles and
determiners generally.
5.2.6 Articles (T)
-------------------
5.2.6.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type definite der d
indefinite ein i
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Gender masculine der m
feminine die f
neuter das n
------------ ---------- ----------- ----
Number singular ein s
plural die p
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Case nominative der n
genitive dessen g
dative dem d
accusative den a
============ =========== =========== ====
5.2.6.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
TD Td..- definite article
TI Ti.s- indefinite article
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.6.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Tdmsn TD der
Tdmsg TD des
Tdmsd TD dem
Tdmsa TD den
Tdfsn TD die
Tdfsg TD der
Tdfsd TD der
Tdfsa TD die
Tdnsn TD das
Tdnsn TD des
Tdnsd TD dem
Tdnsa TD das
Tdpn TD die
Tdpg TD der
Tdpd TD den
Tdpa TD die
Timsn TI einer
Timsg TI eines
Timsd TI einem
Timsa TI einen
Tifsn TI eine
Tifsn TI einer
Tifsd TI einer
Tifsa TI eine
Tinpn TI ein
Tinpg TI eines
Tinpd TI einem
Tinpa TI ein
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.7 Adverbs (R)
5.2.7.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type general frischweg g
degree sogar d this value has been added
interrog worum i this value has been added
conjunction mithin c this value has been added
modal scheinbar m this value has been added
pronom so p this value has been added
temporal heute t this value has been added
place hier l this value has been added
------------ ----------- ----------- ----
Degree positive hoch p
comparative h"oher c
superlative h"ochst s
============ =========== =========== ====
5.2.7.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
RG R[gdcmtl]. General adverb
RP Rp- pronominal adverb
RI Ri- interrogative adverb
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.7.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Rgp RG frischweg
Rp RP so
Rgs RG h"ochst
Rgc RG h"oher
Ri RI worum
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.8 Adpositions (S)
----------------------
5.2.8.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type pre an p
post wegen t this value has been added
circum von - an c this value has been added
part1 von a this value has been added
part2 an z this value has been added
------------- ----------- ----------- ----
Formation clitic ans c
simple an s
============ =========== =========== ====
In German, most prepositions precede the NP. However, there is a good
deal of them which follow the NP ("entlang") or enclose it ("von" NP
"an"). This behaviour is unpredictable and must therefore be marked
lexically. This is done by increasing the values of the "Type"
attribute. This extension can be considered as language specific, as
long as there is no evidence from other languages which supports this
distinction. For practical reasons of text segmentation, the two parts
of a circumposition have to be distinguished by different tags.
The attribute "formation" allows us to deal with clitic contraction of
preposition and article of the following NP ("zum", "ans")
5.2.8.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
SPS Sps pre-position, simple
STS Sts post-position, simple
SPC Spc pre-position, clitic
SC Sas circumposition, partI, simple
SC Szs circumposition, partII, simple
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.8.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Sps SPS an
Sts STS wegen
Spc SPC ans
Sas SC von
Szs SC an
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.9. Conjunctions (C)
-----------------------
5.2.9.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type coordinat. oder c
subordinat. als s
compar als v this value has been added
infinitive um i this value has been added
part1 entweder a this value has been added
part2 oder z this value has been added
============ =========== =========== ====
Comparative conjunctions are restricted to constitutents as arguments.
Subordinate conjunctions introducing an infinite clause lead to an
infinite verb form in sentence final position. The infinitive particle
may be incorporated, as in "wegzugehen". These morphosyntactic
features lead to an extension of the feature-Type values, which may be
considered as language specific.
There are also a few complex conjunctions which appear at the
beginning of both phrases which are conjoined by it ("entweder -
oder"). This feature has to be marked lexically, again by increasing
the values of the "Type" attribute. For practical reason of text
segmentation, the two parts of a complex conjunction have to be
distinguished by different tags.
5.2.9.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
CC Cc Cooordinative cunjunction
CS Cs Subordinative cunjunction
CI Ci Subord. conjunctions introd. an infinit. clause
CV Cv Comparative Conjunction
CA Ca Conjunction Part I
CZ Cz Conjunction Part II
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.9.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Cc CC aber
Cs CS als
Ci CI um
Cv CV als
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.10 Numerals (M)
--------------------
We do not support the class "Numerals". Possible elements of this
class will be treated as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
5.2.11 Interjection (I)
-------------------------
5.2.11.1 Lexicon
========= ===========
Tag Example
========= ===========
I oh
========= ===========
5.2.11.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
I I Interjection
======= ================== ====================================
5.2.11.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
I I oh
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.12 Add on classes
------------------------
5.2.12.1 Particle (Q)
5.2.12.1.1 Lexicon
============ =========== =========== ====
Attribute Value Example Code
============ =========== =========== ====
Type infinitive zu i
superlative am s
verbal pref. hinzu v
============ =========== =========== ====
5.2.12.1.2 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
QS Qs superlative particle
QI Qi infinitive particle
QV Qv verbal prefix
======= ================== ====================================
Superlative particles precede the superlative form of adjectives, if
used predicatively (er ist am gr"o"sten), and adverbs (applies also to
Dutch).
Infinitive particles are found in each of the Germanic languages to be
described (Danish, Dutch, English, German). This should be accounted
for somewhere in the generic set of classes.
Verbal prefixes are a particular German (and Dutch) phenomenon and can
be considered to be language specific.
5.2.12.1.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Qi QI zu
Qs QS am
Qv QV hinzu
========= ======= =============================================
5.2.12.2 Punctuation (F)
--------------------------
5.2.12.2.1 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
FE Fe sentence final
FI Fi sentence internal
FA Fa Quot mark / parenthesis initial
FZ Fz Quot mark / parenthesis final
FB Fb Hyphen, underscore, dash
======= ================== ====================================
The use of Tags for punctuation sign is obvious for the stochastic
modelling of utterances. However, it is not clear whether they should
be treated lexically. Therefore, we can describe our corpus tags, but
not a lexical treatment of these units.
5.2.12.3 Abbreviations (Y)
-----------------------------
5.2.12.3.1 Lexicon
========= ===========
Tag Example
========= ===========
Y bzw.
========= ===========
5.2.12.3.2 Corpus
Lexical abbreviations do not have a particular corresponding Corpus
Tag, but are tagged according to the morphosyntactic behaviour of the
form written out in full.
5.2.12.3.3 Combinations
========= ======= =============================================
Lexique Corpus Example
========= ======= =============================================
Y RG bzw.
Y NCFSN AG
======= ========= =============================================
5.2.12.4 Others (X)
--------------------
Other particular corpus tags can correspond to the common class of
Residual.
5.2.12.4.1 Corpus
======= ================== ====================================
Tag Regular expression Definition
======= ================== ====================================
SYM X Symbols (%, ' etc.)
EQ X Formulae (5x + 3y)
======= ================== ====================================