Without handling derivation a satisfactory morphological analysis is not possible for Hungarian. The HUMOR system, a general purpose morphological analyzer, handles it and the results can be converted to MULTEXT format since on syntactic level the morphological origin of stems are generally irrelevant. The resulting word class is defined by the rightmost derivational suffix. The suffix characters are literally attached to the word.
Here are the derivations that the analyser recognizes but instead of the origin we place only the resulting class to the output. (Suffix tags used in HUMOR are in upper case, actual suffixes are in lower case.)
Noun -> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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BELI : beli ha'z+beli property of living in the house
FAJTA : fajta ma's+fajta of some other kind
FELE : fe'le bu'tor+fe'le similar to furniture
FORMA : forma toja's+forma egg shaped
SZERU : szeru" tej+szeru" milk+y
IKEP : i ha'z+i home (e.g. made)
SKEP : s, as, os,
es, o:s gyerek+es child+ish
UKEP : u',
u",
ju',
ju" arc+u' (red)-face+d
FFOSZ : tlan,tlen,
atlan,etlen,
talan,telen 'devoid of', '-less'
MER : nyi kana'l+nyi spoon+full
Noun,A -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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COL : sa'g, bara't+sa'g friend+ship
se'g
Noun -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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DIM : cska,acska,
ecske,o:cske,
ocska utca'+cska little street
FEM : ne' Kova'cs+ne' Mrs. Kova'cs
Noun -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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FI : z,az,oz,ez,
o:z auto'+z go by car
Verb -> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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IFOSZT: atlan, etlen felel+etlen sg not being answered
MIF : o',
o" felel+o" sy who answers
MIB : t,ott,ett,
o:tt felel+t the answered (question)
MIA : ando',
endo" felel+endo" sg that should be answered
NIVALO: anivalo',
enivalo',
nivalo' ne'z+nivalo' sg that should be seen
Verb -> Adverb
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Type Form Example Comment
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HIN : va,ve olvas+va (while ) reading (the book)
Numeral-> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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KIEM : ik hatod+ik six+th
LAGOS : lagos,leges ma'sod+lagos second+ary
Verb -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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IF : a's,
e's olvas+a's read+ing (gerund)
DES : hatne'k,
hetne'k olvas+hatne'k the intention of reading
Adj -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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FAK : i't sze'p+i't make it pretty (in compounds only)
MI : od,ed,o:d va'llas+od+ik becomes strong
MIGY : kod,ked,
ko:d okos+kod+ik plays the smart (frequently)
Verb -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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MUV : at,et,tat,tet olvas+tat makes him read
GYAK : gat,get,ogat,
eget,o:get olvas+gat he reads frequently
HAT : hat,het olvas+hat he may read
VISSZ : o'd,
o"d old+o'dik dissolves
SZENV : tatik, tetik olvas+tatik makes the book being read
Examples:
If 'szemtele's' (littering, action of throwing away litter) is not in the dictionary we derive it from the verb 'litter' szemetel[V] + e's[IF] (where IF=Verb2Noun).
Instead of giving the extra attribute to the verb expressing that it has a derivational suffix we simply give the result of the analysis+conversion: szemetele's[N].
In Hungarian some derivation may follow the inflectional suffix. For these derivations the suffix+derivation together forms a compound derivation. The a new stem is generated from the stem + inflection + derivation segments and the resulting part of speech is determined by the derivation.
------------------ ----- -------------- ------------------------ Type Form Example Comment ------------------ ----- -------------- ------------------------ Nc-sn--ns1- +FAM : e'k ap +m+e'k some people with my father Nc-su--u--- +IKEP : i asztal+onke'nt+i sg. done by each every table Afc-sn--n---- +KIEM : ik nagy+obb+ik the bigger one
There are adverbs that may get case endings. Since case inflections derivate adverb from nouns these constructions can be handled as derivations. That means the stem is the stem + inflection combination and the part of speech is adverb.
------------------ ----- -------------- ------------------------ Type Form Example Comment ------------------ ----- -------------- ------------------------ Ag---- + ablativ t"l akkor+t"l since then