Authors:
László Tihanyi, Tamás Váradi, Csaba Oravecz.
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type common c
proper p
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case nominative n
genitive g
dative d
accusative a
instrumental i
illative x
inessive 2
elative e
allative t
adessive 3
ablative b
terminative 9
essive w
l.s. temporalis m
l.s. causalis c
l.s. sublative s
l.s. delative h
l.s. sociative q
l.s. factive y
l.s. superessive p
l.s. distributive u
* ***************************** *
5 Definiteness -
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Animate no n
yes y
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Owner_Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Owner_Person first 1
second 2
third 3
---------------- -------------- -
10Owned_Number singular s
plural p
=================================
Notes:
1. Gender: Not applicable to Hungarian.
2. Numbers:
Hungarian has three types of number in the nominal inflection:
1. The number of the noun.
2. The number of owners that own the noun.
3. The number of the context given referent, which is some possession
of the noun, i.e. belongs to the noun (anaphoric possessive).
3. Genitive is rarely marked in Hungarian. If marked then with the same
suffix as that of dative case.
Nouns with zero suffix can be nominative or genitive, so they are
ambigious.
4. Common Hungarian nouns can have
2(Number)*7(OwnerPerson,OwnerNumber)*3(OwnedNumber)*22(Case)=1324
different forms.
5. The usage of -szerte[SZERTE] meaning 'many places around' is restricted
so we do not take it as a regular case ending. The same stands for
'-lag/-leg' marked with [LAG], e.g. 'házilag' means (made) at home.
Combinations:
0 1 3 4 7 8 9 10
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Num Case Anim OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
N [cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypu] [yn] [sp] [123] [sp]
Examples on combinations:
a) Combinations on Number, OwnerNumber, OwnerPerson and OwnedNumber:
01234567890
Nc-sn--n--- asztal[N] table
Nc-sn--n--s asztal[N]+é[POS] thing of the table
Nc-sn--n--p asztal[N]+éi[POSi] things of the table
Nc-sn--ns1- asztal[N]+om[PSe1] my table
Nc-sn--ns1s asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+é[POS] thing of my table
Nc-sn--ns1p asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+éi[POSi] things of my table
Nc-sn--ns2- asztal[N]+od[PSe2] your table
Nc-sn--ns2s asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+é[POS] thing of your table
Nc-sn--ns2p asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+éi[POSi] things of your table
Nc-sn--ns3- asztal[N]+a[PSe3] his/her table
Nc-sn--ns3s asztal[N]+á[PSe3]+é[POS] thing of his/her table
Nc-sn--ns3p asztal[N]+á[PSe3]+éi[POSi] things of his/her table
Nc-sn--np1- asztal[N]+unk[PSt1] our table
Nc-sn--np1s asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+é[POS] thing of our table
Nc-sn--np1p asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+éi[POSi] things of our table
Nc-sn--np2- asztal[N]+otok[PSt2] your table
Nc-sn--np2s asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+é[POS] thing of your table
Nc-sn--np2p asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+éi[POSi] things of your table
Nc-sn--np3- asztal[N]+uk[PSt2] their table
Nc-sn--np3s asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+é[POS] thing of their table
Nc-sn--np3p asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+éi[POSi] things of their table
Nc-pn--n--- asztal[N]+ok[PL] tables
Nc-pn--n--s asztal[N]+ok[PL]+é[POS] thing of the tables
Nc-pn--n--p asztal[N]+ok[PL]+éi[POSi] things of the tables
Nc-pn--ns1- asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i] my tables
Nc-pn--ns1s asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+é[POS] thing of my tables
Nc-pn--ns1p asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+éi[POSi] things of my tables
Nc-pn--ns2- asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i] your tables
Nc-pn--ns2s asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+é[POS] thing of your tables
Nc-pn--ns2p asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+éi[POSi] things of your tables
Nc-pn--ns3- asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i] his/her tables
Nc-pn--ns3s asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+é[POS] thing of his/her tables
Nc-pn--ns3p asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+éi[POSi] things of his/her tables
Nc-pn--np1- asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i] our tables
Nc-pn--np1s asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+é[POS] thing of our tables
Nc-pn--np1p asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+éi[POSi] things of our tables
Nc-pn--np2- asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i] your tables
Nc-pn--np2s asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+é[POS] thing of your tables
Nc-pn--np2p asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+éi[POSi] things of your tables
Nc-pn--np3- asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i] their tables
Nc-pn--np3s asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+é[POS] thing of their tables
Nc-pn--np3p asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+éi[POSi] things of their tables
b) Combinations on Case:
Category: Case: Example analysis:
01234567890
Nc-sn------ nominative asztal[N] The table is new.
Nc-sg------ genitive asztal[N]+nak[GEN] The leg of the table is red.
Nc-sd------ dative asztal[N]+nak[DAT] It gives a new look to the table.
Nc-sa------ accusative asztal[N]+t[ACC] I see the table.
Nc-si------ instrumental asztal[N]+lal[INS] Do something with the table.
Nc-sx------ illative asztal[N]+ba[ILL] She put it into the table.
Nc-s2------ inessive asztal[N]+ban[INE] He keeps it in this table.
Nc-se------ elative asztal[N]+ból[ELA] She took it out from this table.
Nc-st------ allative asztal[N]+hoz[ALL] Go to the table.
Nc-s3------ adessive asztal[N]+nál[ADE] At the table there is a chair.
Nc-sb------ ablative asztal[N]+tól[ABL] She came from the table.
Nc-s9------ terminative asztal[N]+ig[TER] Go as far as the table.
Nc-sw------ essive asztal[N]+ul[ESS] The plate served us as a table.
Nc-sm------ temporalis hat[N]+kor[TEM] We arrived at six.
Nc-sc------ causalis asztal[N]+ért[CAU] We do it for the table.
Nc-ss------ sublative asztal[N]+ra[SUB] Put it onto the table.
Nc-sh------ delative asztal[N]+ról[DEL] Talk about the table.
Nc-sq------ sociative asztal[N]+ostul[SOC] It is sold together with the table.
Nc-sy------ factive asztal[N]+lá[FAC] Soon it became a table.
Nc-sp------ superessive asztal[N]+on[SUP] The cat sits on the table.
Nc-su------ distributive asztal[N]+onként[DIS] We collected 10 forints in each table.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type main m
auxiliary a
- -------------- -------------- -
2 VForm indicative i
imperative m
conditional c
infinitive n
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Tense present p
past s
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Person first 1
second 2
third 3
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Gender -
*********************************
7 Voice -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Negative -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Definiteness no n
yes y
l.s. 1s2s 2
- -------------- -------------- -
10Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Case -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate -
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s -
=================================
Notes:
1. 1s2s is a special form for definitness, in which the speaker's person is
first singular (I) and the target of the transitivity is second singular
(you).
2. A Hungarian verb has
3(Person)*2(Number)*4(Present indicative, Present imperativ,
Present conditional,Past indicative)*2(Transitivity)
+4(1s2s)+7(Infinitive)=59 different forms.
Combinations:
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------
Pos Type VForm Tense Person Number Definitness
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------
V m i [ps] [123] [sp] [yn]
V m c p [123] [sp] [yn]
V m m p [123] [sp] [yn]
V m i [ps] 1 s 2
V m [cm] p 1 s 2
V m n - - - -
V m n p [123] [sp] -
V a i p [123] [sp] n
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------
Examples on combinations:
01234567890123
Vmip1s------n- tanul[V]+ok[e1] I learn (a)
Vmip2s------n- tanul[V]+sz[e2] you learn (a)
Vmip3s------n- tanul[V] she learns (a)
Vmip1p------n- tanul[V]+unk[t1] we learn (a)
Vmip2p------n- tanul[V]+tok[t2] you learn (a)
Vmip3p------n- tanul[V]+nak[t3] they learn (a)
Vmip1s------y- tanul[V]+om[Te1] I learn (the)
Vmip2s------y- tanul[V]+od[Te2] you learn (the)
Vmip3s------y- tanul[V]+ja[Te3] she learns (the)
Vmip1p------y- tanul[V]+juk[Tt1] we learn (the)
Vmip2p------y- tanul[V]+játok[Tt2] you learn (the)
Vmip3p------y- tanul[V]+ják[Tt3] they learn (the)
Vmis1s------n- tanul[V]+tam[Me1] I learnt (a)
Vmis2s------n- tanul[V]+tál[Me2] you learnt (a)
Vmis3s------n- tanul[V]+t[Me3] she learnt (a)
Vmis1p------n- tanul[V]+tunk[Mt1] we learnt (a)
Vmis2p------n- tanul[V]+tatok[Mt2] you learnt (a)
Vmis3p------n- tanul[V]+tak[Mt3] they learnt (a)
Vmis1s------y- tanul[V]+tam[TMe1] I learnt (the)
Vmis2s------y- tanul[V]+tad[TMe2] you learnt (the)
Vmis3s------y- tanul[V]+ta[TMe3] she learnt (the)
Vmis1p------y- tanul[V]+tuk[TMt1] we learnt (the)
Vmis2p------y- tanul[V]+tátok[TMt2] you learnt (the)
Vmis3p------y- tanul[V]+ták[TMt3] they learnt (the)
Vmcp1s------n- tanul[V]+nék[Fe1] (if) I learnt (a)
Vmcp2s------n- tanul[V]+nál[Fe2] (if) you learnt (a)
Vmcp3s------n- tanul[V]+na[Fe3] (if) she learnt (a)
Vmcp1p------n- tanul[V]+nánk[Ft1] (if) we learnt (a)
Vmcp2p------n- tanul[V]+nátok[Ft2] (if) you learnt (a)
Vmcp3p------n- tanul[V]+nának[Ft3] (if) they learnt (a)
Vmcp1s------y- tanul[V]+nám[TFe1] (if) I learnt (the)
Vmcp2s------y- tanul[V]+nád[TFe2] (if) you learnt (the)
Vmcp3s------y- tanul[V]+ná[TFe3] (if) she learnt (the)
Vmcp1p------y- tanul[V]+nánk[TFt1] (if) we learnt (the)
Vmcp2p------y- tanul[V]+nátok[TFt2] (if) you learnt (the)
Vmcp3p------y- tanul[V]+nák[TFt3] (if) they learnt (the)
Vmmp1s------n- tanul[V]+jak[Pe1] (let) me learn (a)
Vmmp2s------n- tanul[V]+jál[Pe2] (let) you learn (a)
Vmmp3s------n- tanul[V]+jon[Pe3] (let) she learn (a)
Vmmp1p------n- tanul[V]+junk[Pt1] (let) we learn (a)
Vmmp2p------n- tanul[V]+jatok[Pt2] (let) you learn (a)
Vmmp3p------n- tanul[V]+janak[Pt3] (let) they learn (a)
Vmmp1s------y- tanul[V]+jam[TPe1] (let) me learn (the)
Vmmp2s------y- tanul[V]+jad[TPe2] (let) you learn (the)
Vmmp3s------y- tanul[V]+ja[TPe3] (let) she learn (the)
Vmmp1p------y- tanul[V]+juk[TPt1] (let) we learn (the)
Vmmp2p------y- tanul[V]+játok[TPt2] (let) you learn (the)
Vmmp3p------y- tanul[V]+ják[TPt3] (let) they learn (the)
Vmip1s------2- tanul[V]+lak[Ie1] I learn you
Vmis1s------2- tanul[V]+talak[IMe1] I learnt you
Vmcp1s------2- tanul[V]+nálak[IFe1] (if) I learnt you
Vmmp1s------2- tanul[V]+jalak[IPe1] (let) me learn you
Vmn----------- tanul[V]+ni[INF] to learn
Vmnp1s-------- tanul[V]+nom[INRe1] for me to learn
Vmnp2s-------- tanul[V]+nod[INRe2] for you to learn
Vmnp3s-------- tanul[V]+nia[INRe3] for her to learn
Vmnp1p-------- tanul[V]+nunk[INRt1] for us to learn
Vmnp2p-------- tanul[V]+notok[INRt2] for you to learn
Vmnp3p-------- tanul[V]+niuk[INRt3] for them to learn
Vaip1s-------- fog[V]+ok[e1] I shall
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type qualificative f
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree positive p
comparative c
superlative s
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case nominative n
genitive g
dative d
accusative a
instrumental i
illative x
inessive 2
elative e
allative t
adessive 3
ablative b
terminative 9
essive w
l.s. temporalis m
l.s. causalis c
l.s. sublative s
l.s. delative h
l.s. sociative q
l.s. factive y
l.s. superessive p
l.s. distributive u
l.s. essive_formal f
* ***************************** *
6 Definiteness -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Animate no n
yes y
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Formation -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person first 1
second 2
third 3
---------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number singular s
plural p
=================================
Notes:
1. Adjectives have the same suffixes that Nouns have plus Degree.
Thus the number of possibble forms is 3*924=2772.
2. Types like ordinal and cardinal are grouped as numerals.
Combinations:
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Degr Num Case Anim OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
A f [pcs] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [yn] [sp] [123] [sp]
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
Examples on combinations:
0123456789012
Afp-sn------- nagy[A] big, great
Afc-sn------- nagy[A]+obb[FOK] bigger
Afs-sn------- leg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK] biggest
Afs-sn----p1s leg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK]+jaink[PSt1i]+é[POS]
that of our greatest (heroes)
Afp-sw------- magyar[A]+ul[ESSMOD] in Hungarian
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type personal p
demonstrative d
indefinite i
possessive s
interrogative q
relative r
reflexive x
reciprocal y
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Person first 1
second 2
third 3
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case nominative n
genitive g
dative d
accusative a
instrumental i
illative x
inessive 2
elative e
allative t
adessive 3
ablative b
terminative 9
essive w
l.s. temporalis m
l.s. causalis c
l.s. sublative s
l.s. delative h
l.s. sociative q
l.s. factive y
l.s. superessive p
l.s. distributive u
l.s. essive_formal f
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Owner_Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Owner_Gender -
*********************************
8 Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Referent_Type -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Syntactic_Type -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Definiteness -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate -
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s -
- -------------- -------------- -
14Pronoun_Form -
- -------------- -------------- -
15Owner_Person first 1
second 2
third 3
- -------------- -------------- -
16Owned_Number singular s
plural p
=================================
Combinations:
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ----------- ------------ ------------
Pos Type Pers Num Case Owner_Number Owner_Person Owned_Number
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
P [px] [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [sp] [123] [sp]
P y 3 p [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [sp] [123] [sp]
P s [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] - -
P [diqr] 3 [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [sp] [123] [sp]
Examples on combinations:
01234567890123456
Pp1-s------------ én[P] I
Pp1-p-s--------1- enyéim[P] my things (plural)
Pd3-s------------ ez[P] this
Pi3-s------------ minden[P] every
Ps1-s-s--------1- én[P]=enyém+[POS] my
Pq3-s------------ ki[P] who (in questions)
Pr3-s------------ aki[P] who (relative)
Px3-s------------ maga[P] himself
Pp3-p------------ ti[P] you
Pp3-s-p--------2- tietek[P] your something
Pp3-p-p--------2- tieitek[P] your somethings
Pp3-s-p--------2s tieteké[P] your something
Py3-p------------ egymás[P] each other
Not applicable.
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type definite f
indefinite i
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case -
*********************************
5 Clitic -
=================================
Notes:
We have tree articles: a, az and egy. These may not have number and
case. The word 'az' may have but that is a pronoun in those cases.
Combinations:
--- ----
Pos Type
--- ----
T [fi]
01
012345
Tf---- a[DET] the
Tf---- az[DET] the
Ti---- egy[DET] a
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type general g
particle p
l.s. causal o
l.s. verbal v
modifier m
l.s. interrogative q
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree -
*********************************
3 Clitic no n
yes y
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Person first 1
second 2
third 3
=================================
Combinations:
---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Pos Type Degree Clitic Number Person
---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
R [gmp] - - - -
R q - y - -
R o - - [sp] [123]
---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Examples on combinations:
012345
Rg---- most[R] now
Rg---- hogyan[R] how
Rgp--- belül[R] inside
Rgc--- belül[R]=belj+ebb[FOK] deeper inside
Rgs--- leg[FF]+belül[R]=belj+ebb[FOK] deepest inside
Rv---- olvas[V]+va[HIN] being read
Rm---- nem[R] no
Rp---- be[IK] into
Rq-y-- kutya[N]+-e[KSZE] (kutya-e?) dog?
Ro--s1 áll[V]+tomban[HIVe1] as I stand
Ro--s2 áll[V]+todban[HIVe2] as you stand
Ro--s3 áll[V]+tában[HIVe3] as she stands
Ro--p1 áll[V]+tunkban[HIVp1] as we stand
Ro--p2 áll[V]+totokban[HIVp2] as you stand
Ro--sp áll[V]+tukban[HIVep] as they stand
Ro---- áll[V]+ván[HINN] as sy stands
Notes:
1. The modifier -e question word (the only Hungarian clitic) is attached
to the preceding word with a hyphen.
2. Some adverbs may have degree, but these do not formulate a special
class. Presently we cannot give a criteria for this.
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type postposition t
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation -
*********************************
3 Case -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Clitic -
=================================
Notes:
1. Some of them require a suffix on the preceding noun (e.g. asztal[N]+
on[SUP] túl[S]) while others do not (e.g. asztal[N] mellett[S]).
This feature is not represented here.
Combinations:
--- ----
Pos Type
--- ----
S t
--- ----
Examples on combinations:
01234
St--- miatt[S] because of
St--- keresztül[S] through
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type coordinating c
subordinating s
*********************************
2 Formation simple s
compound c
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Coord_Type sentence p
words w
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Sub_Type -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Number -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Person -
=================================
Notes:
1. 'form': Some conjuctions in Hungarian might occur alone (1) while
others in pairs (2).
Combinations:
--- ---- ---------- ---------
Pos Type Coord-Type Formation
--- ---- ---------- ---------
C [cs] [pw] [12]
--- ---- ---------- ---------
Examples on combinations: Meaning:
01234567
Csp-1--- hogy[C] that
Ccp-1--- és[C] and
Ccw-2--- is[C] also
Ccw-2--- mind[C] both
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type cardinal c
ordinal o
fractal f
collect l
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case nominative n
genitive g
dative d
accusative a
instrumental i
illative x
inessive 2
elative e
allative t
adessive 3
ablative b
terminative 9
essive w
l.s. temporalis m
l.s. causalis c
l.s. sublative s
l.s. delative h
l.s. sociative q
l.s. factive y
l.s. superessive p
l.s. distributive u
l.s. essive_formal f
l.s. multiplicative 6
*********************************
5 Form digit d
roman r
letter l
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Definiteness -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Class -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Animate -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number singular s
plural p
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person first 1
second 2
third 3
- -------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number singular s
plural p
=================================
Combinations:
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Num Case Form OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
N [cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [dlr] [sp] [123] [sp]
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ---- -------- --------- --------
Examples on combinations:
0123456789012
Mc-sn-------- egy[M] one
Mc-pn-------- nyolc[M]+ak[PL] those eight (men)
Mc-pn-----p3s nyolc[M]+ak[PL]+é[POS] this belongs to those eight (men)
Mc-sa-------- sok[M]+at[ACC] many (in accusative)
Mo-sn-------- hat[M]+odik[SORSZ] 6th
Mf-sn-------- hat[M]+od[TORT] 1/6
Mc-s6-------- egy[M]+szer[MUL] one time
Mc-sw-------- hat[M]+an[ESSMOD] six of them
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type mood m
other o
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation -
=================================
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
-
=================================
= ============== ============== =
P ATT VAL C
= ============== ============== =
1 Syntactic_Type -
- -------------------------------
2 Gender -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Definiteness -
=================================
Not applicable.
Without handling derivation a satisfactory morphological analysis is not possible for Hungarian. The HUMOR system, a general purpose morphological analyzer, handles it and the results can be converted to Multext format since on syntactic level the morphological origin of stems are generally irrelevant. The resulting word class is defined by the rightmost derivational suffix. The suffix characters are literally attached to the word.
Here are the derivations that the analyser recognizes but instead of the origin we place only the resulting class to the output. (Suffix tags used in HUMOR are in upper case, actual suffixes are in lower case.)
Noun -> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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BELI : beli ház+beli property of living in the house
FAJTA : fajta más+fajta of some other kind
FELE : féle bútor+féle similar to furniture
FORMA : forma tojás+forma egg shaped
SZERU : szerű tej+szerű milk+y
IKEP : i ház+i home (e.g. made)
SKEP : s, as, os,
es, ös gyerek+es child+ish
UKEP : ú,
ű,
jú,
jű arc+ú (red)-face+d
FFOSZ : tlan,tlen,
atlan,etlen,
talan,telen 'devoid of', '-less'
MER : nyi kanál+nyi spoon+full
Noun,A -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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COL : ság, barát+ság friend+ship
ség
Noun -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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DIM : cska,acska,
ecske,öcske,
ocska utcá+cska little street
FEM : né Kovács+né Mrs. Kovács
Noun -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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FI : z,az,oz,ez,
öz autó+z go by car
Verb -> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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IFOSZT: atlan, etlen felel+etlen sg not being answered
MIF : ó,
ő felel+ő sy who answers
MIB : t,ott,ett,
ött felel+t the answered (question)
MIA : andó,
endő felel+endő sg that should be answered
NIVALÖ anivaló,
enivaló,
nivaló néz+nivaló sg that should be seen
Verb -> Adverb
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Type Form Example Comment
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HIN : va,ve olvas+va (while ) reading (the book)
Numeral-> Adjective
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Type Form Example Comment
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KIEM : ik hatod+ik six+th
LAGOS : lagos,leges másod+lagos second+ary
Verb -> Noun
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Type Form Example Comment
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IF : ás,
és olvas+ás read+ing (gerund)
DES : hatnék,
hetnék olvas+hatnék the intention of reading
Adj -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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FAK : ít szép+ít make it pretty (in compounds only)
MI : od,ed,öd vállas+od+ik becomes strong
MIGY : kod,ked,
köd okos+kod+ik plays the smart (frequently)
Verb -> Verb
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Type Form Example Comment
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MUV : at,et,tat,tet olvas+tat makes him read
GYAK : gat,get,ogat,
eget,öget olvas+gat he reads frequently
HAT : hat,het olvas+hat he may read
VISSZ : ód,
őd old+ódik dissolves
SZENV : tatik, tetik olvas+tatik makes the book being read
Examples:
If 'szemtelés' (littering, action of throwing away litter) is not in the dictionary we derive it from the verb 'litter' szemetel[V] + és[IF] (where IF=Verb2Noun).
Instead of giving the extra attribute to the verb expressing that it has a derivational suffix we simply give the result of the analysis+conversion: szemetelés[N].
In Hungarian some derivation may follow the inflectional suffix. For these derivations the suffix+derivation together forms a compound derivation. The a new stem is generated from the stem + inflection + derivation segments and the resulting part of speech is determined by the derivation.
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Type Form Example Comment
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Nc-sn--ns1- +FAM : ék apá+m+ék some people with my father
Nc-su--u--- +IKEP : i asztal+onként+i sg. done by each every table
Afc-sn--n---- +KIEM : ik nagy+obb+ik the bigger one
There are adverbs that may get case endings. Since case inflections derivate adverb from nouns these constructions can be handled as derivations. That means the stem is the stem + inflection combination and the part of speech is adverb.
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Type Form Example Comment
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Ag---- + ablativ tól akkor+tól since then
Compounding is handled in a very similar way to derivation. The rightmost word class is always the resulting one. If it contains some derivation as well then the result is the word class that the derivation determines.
Examples: