\section{Application to Hungarian}
\markright{COP project 106 \mte{\hfill} \delID --- Hungarian {\hfill}}

The application to Hungarian has been elaborated by Laszlo Tihanyi.

\begin{small}
\begin{verbatim}
1. Noun (N)

= ============== ============== =  
P ATT            VAL            C  
= ============== ============== =  
1 Type           common         c  
                 proper         p  
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s  
                 plural         p  
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           nominative     n  
                 genitive       g  
                 dative         d  
                 accusative     a  
                 instrumental   i  
                 illative       x  
                 inessive       2  
                 elative        e  
                 allative       t  
                 adessive       3  
                 ablative       b  
                 terminative    9  
                 essive         w  
           l.s.  temporalis     m  
           l.s.  causalis       c  
           l.s.  sublative      s  
           l.s.  delative       h  
           l.s.  sociative      q  
           l.s.  factive        y  
           l.s.  superessive    p  
           l.s.  distributive   u  
* ***************************** *
5 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Animate        no             n  
                 yes            y  
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Owner_Number   singular       s  
                 plural         p  
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Owner_Person   first          1  
                 second         2  
                 third          3  
---------------- -------------- -
10Owned_Number   singular       s  
                 plural         p  
=================================


Notes:

1. Gender: Not applicable to Hungarian.

2. Numbers:
   Hungarian has three types of number in the nominal inflection:
   1. The number of the noun.
   2. The number of owners that own the noun.
   3. The number of the context given referent, which is some possession
      of the noun, i.e. belongs to the noun (anaphoric possessive).

3. Genitive is rarely marked in Hungarian. If marked then with the same
   suffix as that of dative case.
   Nouns with zero suffix can be nominative or genitive, so they are 
   ambigious.

4. Common Hungarian nouns can have
   2(Number)*7(OwnerPerson,OwnerNumber)*3(OwnedNumber)*22(Case)=1324
   different forms.

5. The usage of -szerte[SZERTE] meaning 'many places around' is restricted
   so we do not take it as a regular case ending. The same stands for
   '-lag/-leg' marked with [LAG], e.g. 'ha'zilag' means (made) at home.


Combinations:

0   1    3    4                        7     8        9         10
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Num  Case                     Anim  OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
 N  [cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypu] [yn]  [sp]     [123]     [sp]


Examples on combinations:

a) Combinations on Number, OwnerNumber, OwnerPerson and OwnedNumber:

01234567890
Nc-sn--n---  asztal[N]                          table
Nc-sn--n--s  asztal[N]+e'[POS]                  thing of the table
Nc-sn--n--p  asztal[N]+e'i[POSi]                things of the table
Nc-sn--ns1-  asztal[N]+om[PSe1]                 my table
Nc-sn--ns1s  asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+e'[POS]         thing of my table
Nc-sn--ns1p  asztal[N]+om[PSe1]+e'i[POSi]       things of my table
Nc-sn--ns2-  asztal[N]+od[PSe2]                 your table
Nc-sn--ns2s  asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+e'[POS]         thing of your table
Nc-sn--ns2p  asztal[N]+od[PSe2]+e'i[POSi]       things of your table
Nc-sn--ns3-  asztal[N]+a[PSe3]                  his/her table
Nc-sn--ns3s  asztal[N]+a'[PSe3]+e'[POS]         thing of his/her table
Nc-sn--ns3p  asztal[N]+a'[PSe3]+e'i[POSi]       things of his/her table
Nc-sn--np1-  asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]                our table
Nc-sn--np1s  asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+e'[POS]        thing of our table
Nc-sn--np1p  asztal[N]+unk[PSt1]+e'i[POSi]      things of our table
Nc-sn--np2-  asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]               your table
Nc-sn--np2s  asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+e'[POS]       thing of your table
Nc-sn--np2p  asztal[N]+otok[PSt2]+e'i[POSi]     things of your table
Nc-sn--np3-  asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]                 their table
Nc-sn--np3s  asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+e'[POS]         thing of their table
Nc-sn--np3p  asztal[N]+uk[PSt2]+e'i[POSi]       things of their table
Nc-pn--n---  asztal[N]+ok[PL]                   tables
Nc-pn--n--s  asztal[N]+ok[PL]+e'[POS]           thing of the tables
Nc-pn--n--p  asztal[N]+ok[PL]+e'i[POSi]         things of the tables
Nc-pn--ns1-  asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]               my tables
Nc-pn--ns1s  asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+e'[POS]       thing of my tables
Nc-pn--ns1p  asztal[N]+aim[PSe1i]+e'i[POSi]     things of my tables
Nc-pn--ns2-  asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]               your tables
Nc-pn--ns2s  asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+e'[POS]       thing of your tables
Nc-pn--ns2p  asztal[N]+aid[PSe2i]+e'i[POSi]     things of your tables
Nc-pn--ns3-  asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]                his/her tables
Nc-pn--ns3s  asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+e'[POS]        thing of his/her tables
Nc-pn--ns3p  asztal[N]+ai[PSe3i]+e'i[POSi]      things of his/her tables
Nc-pn--np1-  asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]              our tables
Nc-pn--np1s  asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+e'[POS]      thing of our tables
Nc-pn--np1p  asztal[N]+aink[PSt1i]+e'i[POSi]    things of our tables
Nc-pn--np2-  asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]             your tables
Nc-pn--np2s  asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+e'[POS]     thing of your tables
Nc-pn--np2p  asztal[N]+aitok[PSt2i]+e'i[POSi]   things of your tables
Nc-pn--np3-  asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]               their tables
Nc-pn--np3s  asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+e'[POS]       thing of their tables
Nc-pn--np3p  asztal[N]+aik[PSt3i]+e'i[POSi]     things of their tables


b) Combinations on Case:

Category:   Case:          Example analysis:    
01234567890
Nc-sn------ nominative     asztal[N]              The table is new.
Nc-sg------ genitive       asztal[N]+nak[GEN]     The leg of the table is red.
Nc-sd------ dative         asztal[N]+nak[DAT]     It gives a new look to the table.
Nc-sa------ accusative     asztal[N]+t[ACC]       I see the table.
Nc-si------ instrumental   asztal[N]+lal[INS]     Do something with the table.
Nc-sx------ illative       asztal[N]+ba[ILL]      She put it into the table.
Nc-s2------ inessive       asztal[N]+ban[INE]     He keeps it in this table.
Nc-se------ elative        asztal[N]+bo'l[ELA]    She took it out from this table.
Nc-st------ allative       asztal[N]+hoz[ALL]     Go to the table.
Nc-s3------ adessive       asztal[N]+na'l[ADE]    At the table there is a chair.
Nc-sb------ ablative       asztal[N]+to'l[ABL]    She came from the table.
Nc-s9------ terminative    asztal[N]+ig[TER]      Go as far as the table.
Nc-sw------ essive         asztal[N]+ul[ESS]      The plate served us as a table.
Nc-sm------ temporalis     hat[N]+kor[TEM]        We arrived at six.
Nc-sc------ causalis       asztal[N]+e'rt[CAU]    We do it for the table.
Nc-ss------ sublative      asztal[N]+ra[SUB]      Put it onto the table.
Nc-sh------ delative       asztal[N]+ro'l[DEL]    Talk about the table.
Nc-sq------ sociative      asztal[N]+ostul[SOC]   It is sold together with the table.
Nc-sy------ factive        asztal[N]+la'[FAC]     Soon it became a table.
Nc-sp------ superessive    asztal[N]+on[SUP]      The cat sits on the table.
Nc-su------ distributive   asztal[N]+onke'nt[DIS] We collected 10 forints in each table.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------



2. Verb (V)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           main           m
                 auxiliary      a
- -------------- -------------- -
2 VForm          indicative     i
                 imperative     m
                 conditional    c
                 infinitive     n
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Tense          present        p
                 past           s
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Person         first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Number         singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Gender                        -
*********************************
7 Voice                         -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Negative                      -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Definiteness   no             n
                 yes            y
           l.s.  1s2s           2
- -------------- -------------- -
10Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Case                          -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate                       -
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s                      -
=================================


Notes:

1. 1s2s is a special form for definitness, in which the speaker's person is
   first singular (I) and the target of the transitivity is second singular
   (you).

2. A Hungarian verb has
   3(Person)*2(Number)*4(Present indicative, Present imperativ,
   Present conditional,Past indicative)*2(Transitivity)
   +4(1s2s)+7(Infinitive)=59 different forms.


Combinations:

--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------
Pos Type VForm Tense Person Number Definitness
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------
 V   m   i     [ps] [123]   [sp]   [yn]
 V   m   c     p    [123]   [sp]   [yn]
 V   m   m     p    [123]   [sp]   [yn]
 V   m   i     [ps] 1       s      2
 V   m   [cm]  p    1       s      2
 V   m   n     -    -       -      -
 V   m   n     p    [123]   [sp]   -
 V   a   i     p    [123]   [sp]   n
--- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ -----------


Examples on combinations:

01234567890123
Vmip1s------n-   tanul[V]+ok[e1]                 I learn (a)
Vmip2s------n-   tanul[V]+sz[e2]                 you learn (a)
Vmip3s------n-   tanul[V]                        she learns (a)
Vmip1p------n-   tanul[V]+unk[t1]                we learn (a)
Vmip2p------n-   tanul[V]+tok[t2]                you learn  (a)
Vmip3p------n-   tanul[V]+nak[t3]                they learn (a)
Vmip1s------y-   tanul[V]+om[Te1]                I learn (the)
Vmip2s------y-   tanul[V]+od[Te2]                you learn (the)
Vmip3s------y-   tanul[V]+ja[Te3]                she learns (the)
Vmip1p------y-   tanul[V]+juk[Tt1]               we learn (the)
Vmip2p------y-   tanul[V]+ja'tok[Tt2]            you learn  (the)
Vmip3p------y-   tanul[V]+ja'k[Tt3]              they learn (the)
Vmis1s------n-   tanul[V]+tam[Me1]               I learnt (a)
Vmis2s------n-   tanul[V]+ta'l[Me2]              you learnt (a)
Vmis3s------n-   tanul[V]+t[Me3]                 she learnt (a)
Vmis1p------n-   tanul[V]+tunk[Mt1]              we learnt (a)
Vmis2p------n-   tanul[V]+tatok[Mt2]             you learnt  (a)
Vmis3p------n-   tanul[V]+tak[Mt3]               they learnt (a)
Vmis1s------y-   tanul[V]+tam[TMe1]              I learnt (the)
Vmis2s------y-   tanul[V]+tad[TMe2]              you learnt (the)
Vmis3s------y-   tanul[V]+ta[TMe3]               she learnt (the)
Vmis1p------y-   tanul[V]+tuk[TMt1]              we learnt (the)
Vmis2p------y-   tanul[V]+ta'tok[TMt2]           you learnt  (the)
Vmis3p------y-   tanul[V]+ta'k[TMt3]             they learnt (the)

Vmcp1s------n-   tanul[V]+ne'k[Fe1]              (if) I learnt (a)
Vmcp2s------n-   tanul[V]+na'l[Fe2]              (if) you learnt (a)
Vmcp3s------n-   tanul[V]+na[Fe3]                      (if) she learnt (a)
Vmcp1p------n-   tanul[V]+na'nk[Ft1]             (if) we learnt (a)
Vmcp2p------n-   tanul[V]+na'tok[Ft2]            (if) you learnt  (a)
Vmcp3p------n-   tanul[V]+na'nak[Ft3]            (if) they learnt (a)
Vmcp1s------y-   tanul[V]+na'm[TFe1]             (if) I learnt (the)
Vmcp2s------y-   tanul[V]+na'd[TFe2]             (if) you learnt (the)
Vmcp3s------y-   tanul[V]+na'[TFe3]              (if) she learnt (the)
Vmcp1p------y-   tanul[V]+na'nk[TFt1]            (if) we learnt (the)
Vmcp2p------y-   tanul[V]+na'tok[TFt2]           (if) you learnt  (the)
Vmcp3p------y-   tanul[V]+na'k[TFt3]             (if) they learnt (the)

Vmmp1s------n-   tanul[V]+jak[Pe1]               (let) me learn (a)
Vmmp2s------n-   tanul[V]+ja'l[Pe2]              (let) you learn (a)
Vmmp3s------n-   tanul[V]+jon[Pe3]               (let) she learn (a)
Vmmp1p------n-   tanul[V]+junk[Pt1]              (let) we learn (a)
Vmmp2p------n-   tanul[V]+jatok[Pt2]             (let) you learn  (a)
Vmmp3p------n-   tanul[V]+janak[Pt3]             (let) they learn (a)
Vmmp1s------y-   tanul[V]+jam[TPe1]              (let) me learn (the)
Vmmp2s------y-   tanul[V]+jad[TPe2]              (let) you learn (the)
Vmmp3s------y-   tanul[V]+ja[TPe3]               (let) she learn (the)
Vmmp1p------y-   tanul[V]+juk[TPt1]              (let) we learn (the)
Vmmp2p------y-   tanul[V]+ja'tok[TPt2]           (let) you learn  (the)
Vmmp3p------y-   tanul[V]+ja'k[TPt3]             (let) they learn (the)

Vmip1s------2-   tanul[V]+lak[Ie1]               I learn you
Vmis1s------2-   tanul[V]+talak[IMe1]            I learnt you
Vmcp1s------2-   tanul[V]+na'lak[IFe1]           (if) I learnt you
Vmmp1s------2-   tanul[V]+jalak[IPe1]            (let) me learn you

Vmn-----------   tanul[V]+ni[INF]                to learn
Vmnp1s--------   tanul[V]+nom[INRe1]             for me to learn
Vmnp2s--------   tanul[V]+nod[INRe2]             for you to learn
Vmnp3s--------   tanul[V]+nia[INRe3]             for her to learn
Vmnp1p--------   tanul[V]+nunk[INRt1]            for us to learn
Vmnp2p--------   tanul[V]+notok[INRt2]           for you to learn
Vmnp3p--------   tanul[V]+niuk[INRt3]            for them to learn
Vaip1s--------   fog[V]+ok[e1]                   I shall



3. Adjective (A)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           qualificative  f
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree         positive       p
                 comparative    c
                 superlative    s
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case           nominative     n
                 genitive       g
                 dative         d
                 accusative     a
                 instrumental   i
                 illative       x
                 inessive       2
                 elative        e
                 allative       t
                 adessive       3
                 ablative       b
                 terminative    9
                 essive         w
           l.s.  temporalis     m
           l.s.  causalis       c
           l.s.  sublative      s
           l.s.  delative       h
           l.s.  sociative      q
           l.s.  factive        y
           l.s.  superessive    p
           l.s.  distributive   u
           l.s.  essive_formal  f

* ***************************** *
6 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Animate        no             n
                 yes            y
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Formation                     -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person   first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
---------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
=================================


Notes:

1. Adjectives have the same suffixes that Nouns have plus Degree.
   Thus the number of possibble forms is 3*924=2772.

2. Types like ordinal and cardinal are grouped as numerals.


Combinations:

--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Degr  Num  Case                     Anim  OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
 A  f    [pcs] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [yn]  [sp]     [123]     [sp]
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------


Examples on combinations:

0123456789012
Afp-sn-------    nagy[A]                           big, great
Afc-sn-------    nagy[A]+obb[FOK]                  bigger
Afs-sn-------    leg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK]          biggest
Afs-sn----p1s    leg[FF]+nagy[A]+obb[FOK]+jaink[PSt1i]+e'[POS]
                                             sg that our greatest (heroes) have
Afp-sw-------    magyar[A]+ul[ESSMOD]              in Hungarian



4. Pronoun (P)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           personal       p
                 demonstrative  d
                 indefinite     i
                 possessive     s
                 interrogative  q
                 relative       r
                 reflexive      x
                 reciprocal     y
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Person         first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case           nominative     n
                 genitive       g
                 dative         d
                 accusative     a
                 instrumental   i
                 illative       x
                 inessive       2
                 elative        e
                 allative       t
                 adessive       3
                 ablative       b
                 terminative    9
                 essive         w
           l.s.  temporalis     m
           l.s.  causalis       c
           l.s.  sublative      s
           l.s.  delative       h
           l.s.  sociative      q
           l.s.  factive        y
           l.s.  superessive    p
           l.s.  distributive   u
           l.s.  essive_formal  f
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Owner_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Owner_Gender                  -
*********************************
8 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Referent_Type                 -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Syntactic_Type                -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate                       -
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s                      -
- -------------- -------------- -
14Pronoun_Form                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
15Owner_Person   first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
- -------------- -------------- -
16Owned_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
=================================


Combinations:

--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------  -----------  ------------ ------------
Pos Type Pers  Num  Case                      Owner_Number Owner_Person Owned_Number
--- ---- ----- ---- ------------------------  ------------ ------------ ------------
 P  [px] [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]  [sp]         [123]        [sp]
 P    y     3   p   [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]  [sp]         [123]        [sp]
 P    s  [123] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]  -             -
 P [diqr]  3   [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf]  [sp]          [123]       [sp]


Examples on combinations:

01234567890123456
Pp1-s------------         e'n[P]                   I
Pp1-p-s--------1-         enye'im[P]               my things (plural)
Pd3-s------------         ez[P]                    this
Pi3-s------------         minden[P]                every
Ps1-s-s--------1-         e'n[P]=enye'm+[POS]      my
Pq3-s------------         ki[P]                    who (in questions)
Pr3-s------------         aki[P]                   who (relative)
Px3-s------------         maga[P]                  himself
Pp3-p------------         ti[P]                    you
Pp3-s-p--------2-         tietek[P]                your something
Pp3-p-p--------2-         tieitek[P]               your somethings
Pp3-s-p--------2s         tieteke'[P]              your something
Py3-p------------         egyma's[P]               each other



5. Determiner (D)

Not applicable.




6. Article (T)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           definite       f
                 indefinite     i
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case                          -
*********************************
5 Clitic                        -
=================================


Notes:   

We have tree articles: a, az and egy.  These may not have number and
case. The word 'az' may have but that is a pronoun in those cases.


Combinations:

--- ----
Pos Type
--- ----
T   [fi]

01
012345
Tf----              a[DET]              the
Tf----              az[DET]             the
Ti----              egy[DET]            a



7. Adverb (R)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           general        g
                 particle       p
           l.s.  causal         o
           l.s.  verbal         v
                 modifier       m
           l.s.  interrogative  q
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree                        -
*********************************
3 Clitic         no             n
                 yes            y
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Person         first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
=================================


Combinations:

----  ------ ------  ------  ------ ------
Pos   Type   Degree  Clitic  Number Person
----  ------ ------  ------  ------ ------
 R    [gmp]   -        -        -     -
 R       q    -        y        -     -
 R       o    -        -        [sp]  [123]
----  ------ ------  ------  ------ ------


Examples on combinations:

012345
Rg----         most[R]                               now
Rg----         hogyan[R]                             how
Rgp---         belu:l[R]                             inside
Rgc---         belu:l[R]=belj+ebb[FOK]               deeper inside
Rgs---         leg[FF]+belu:l[R]=belj+ebb[FOK]       deepest inside
Rv----         olvas[V]+va[HIN]                      being read
Rm----         nem[R]                                no
Rp----         be[IK]                                into
Rq-y--         kutya[N]+-e[KSZE] (kutya-e?)          dog?
Ro--s1         a'll[V]+tomban[HIVe1]                 as I stand
Ro--s2         a'll[V]+todban[HIVe2]                 as you stand
Ro--s3         a'll[V]+ta'ban[HIVe3]                 as she stands
Ro--p1         a'll[V]+tunkban[HIVp1]                as we stand
Ro--p2         a'll[V]+totokban[HIVp2]               as you stand
Ro--sp         a'll[V]+tukban[HIVep]                 as they stand
Ro----         a'll[V]+va'n[HINN]                    as sy stands


Notes:

1. The modifier -e question word (the only Hungarian clitic) is attached
   to the preceding word with a hyphen.

2. Some adverbs may have degree, but these do not formulate a special
   class. Presently we cannot give a criteria for this.



8. Adposition (S)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           postposition   t
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation                     -
*********************************
3 Case                          -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Clitic                        -
=================================


Notes:

1. Some of them require a suffix on the preceding noun (e.g. asztal[N]+
   on[SUP] tu'l[S]) while others do not (e.g. asztal[N] mellett[S]).
   This feature is not represented here.


Combinations:

---  ----
Pos  Type
---  ----
 S     t
---  ----

Examples on combinations:

01234
St---      miatt[S]                      because of
St---      keresztu:l[S]                 through



9. Conjunction (C)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           coordinating   c
                 subordinating  s
*********************************
2 Formation      simple         s
                 compound       c
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Coord_Type     sentence       p
                 words          w
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Sub_Type                      -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Number                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Person                        -
=================================


Notes:

1. 'form': Some conjuctions in Hungarian might occur alone (1) while
    others in pairs (2).


Combinations:

---  ---- ---------- ---------
Pos  Type Coord-Type Formation
---  ---- ---------- ---------
 C    [cs]   [pw]       [12]
---  ---- ---------- ---------


Examples on combinations:              Meaning:

01234567
Csp-1---          hogy[C]                that
Ccp-1---          e's[C]                 and
Ccw-2---          is[C]                  also
Ccw-2---          mind[C]                both



10. Numeral (M)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           cardinal       c
                 ordinal        o
                 fractal        f
                 collect        l
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           nominative     n
                 genitive       g
                 dative         d
                 accusative     a
                 instrumental   i
                 illative       x
                 inessive       2
                 elative        e
                 allative       t
                 adessive       3
                 ablative       b
                 terminative    9
                 essive         w
           l.s.  temporalis     m
           l.s.  causalis       c
           l.s.  sublative      s
           l.s.  delative       h
           l.s.  sociative      q
           l.s.  factive        y
           l.s.  superessive    p
           l.s.  distributive   u
           l.s.  essive_formal  f
           l.s.  multiplicative 6
*********************************
5 Form           digit          d
                 roman          r
                 letter         l
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Class                         -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Animate                       -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person   first          1
                 second         2
                 third          3
- -------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number   singular       s
                 plural         p
=================================


Combinations:

--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
Pos Type Num  Case                     Form  OwnerNum OwnerPers OwnedNum
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------
 N  [cp] [sp] [ngdaix2et3b9wmcshqypuf] [dlr] [sp]    [123]     [sp]
--- ---- ---- ------------------------ ----  -------- --------- --------


Examples on combinations:

0123456789012
Mc-sn--------        egy[M]                  one
Mc-pn--------        nyolc[M]+ak[PL]         those eight (men)
Mc-pn-----p3s        nyolc[M]+ak[PL]+e'[POS] this belongs to those eight (men)
Mc-sa--------        sok[M]+at[ACC]          many (in accusative)
Mo-sn--------        hat[M]+odik[SORSZ]      6th
Mf-sn--------        hat[M]+od[TORT]         1/6
Mc-s6--------        egy[M]+szer[MUL]        one time
Mc-sw--------        hat[M]+an[ESSMOD]       six of them



11. Interjection (I)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           mood           m
                 other          o
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation                     -
=================================



12. Residual (X)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
                                -
=================================



13. Abbreviation (Y)

= ============== ============== =
P ATT            VAL            C
= ============== ============== =
1 Syntactic_Type                -
- -------------------------------
2 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case                          -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Definiteness                  -
=================================



14. Particle (Q)

Not applicable.
\end{verbatim}
\end{small}


\subsection{Derivation}

Without handling derivation a satisfactory morphological analysis is
not possible for Hungarian. The HUMOR system, a general purpose
morphological analyzer, handles it and the results can be converted to
\multext\ format since on syntactic level the morphological origin of
stems are generally irrelevant. The resulting word class is defined by
the rightmost derivational suffix. The suffix characters are literally
attached to the word.

Here are the derivations that the analyser recognizes but instead of
the origin we place only the resulting class to the output.  (Suffix
tags used in HUMOR are in upper case, actual suffixes are in lower
case.)

\begin{small}
\begin{verbatim}
Noun   -> Adjective
-------------------
-----   -------        --------------    ------------------------
Type    Form           Example           Comment
-----   -------        --------------    ------------------------
 BELI  : beli           ha'z+beli        property of living in the house
 FAJTA : fajta          ma's+fajta       of some other kind
 FELE  : fe'le          bu'tor+fe'le     similar to furniture
 FORMA : forma          toja's+forma     egg shaped
 SZERU : szeru"         tej+szeru"       milk+y
 IKEP  : i              ha'z+i           home (e.g. made)
 SKEP  : s, as, os,
         es, o:s        gyerek+es        child+ish
 UKEP  : u',
         u",
         ju',
         ju"            arc+u'           (red)-face+d
 FFOSZ : tlan,tlen,
         atlan,etlen,
         talan,telen                     'devoid of', '-less'
 MER   : nyi            kana'l+nyi       spoon+full


Noun,A -> Noun
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 COL   : sa'g,         bara't+sa'g            friend+ship
         se'g


Noun   -> Noun
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 DIM   : cska,acska,
        ecske,o:cske,
        ocska          utca'+cska             little street
 FEM   : ne'           Kova'cs+ne'            Mrs. Kova'cs


Noun   -> Verb
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 FI    : z,az,oz,ez,
        o:z            auto'+z                go by car


Verb   -> Adjective
-------------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 IFOSZT: atlan, etlen  felel+etlen            sg not being answered
 MIF   : o',
         o"            felel+o"               sy who answers
 MIB   : t,ott,ett,
         o:tt          felel+t                the answered (question)
 MIA   : ando',
         endo"         felel+endo"            sg that should be answered
 NIVALO: anivalo',
         enivalo',
         nivalo'       ne'z+nivalo'           sg that should be seen


Verb   -> Adverb
----------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 HIN   :  va,ve        olvas+va              (while ) reading (the book)


Numeral-> Adjective
-------------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 KIEM  : ik            hatod+ik               six+th
 LAGOS : lagos,leges   ma'sod+lagos           second+ary


Verb   -> Noun
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 IF    : a's,
         e's           olvas+a's              read+ing (gerund)
 DES   : hatne'k,
        hetne'k        olvas+hatne'k          the intention of reading


Adj    -> Verb
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 FAK   : i't           sze'p+i't              make it pretty (in compounds only)
 MI    : od,ed,o:d     va'llas+od+ik          becomes strong
 MIGY  : kod,ked,
         ko:d          okos+kod+ik            plays the smart (frequently)


Verb   -> Verb
--------------
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
Type    Form           Example                Comment
-----   -------        --------------         ------------------------
 MUV   : at,et,tat,tet  olvas+tat             makes him read
 GYAK  : gat,get,ogat,
         eget,o:get     olvas+gat             he reads frequently
 HAT   : hat,het        olvas+hat             he may read
 VISSZ : o'd,
         o"d            old+o'dik             dissolves
 SZENV : tatik, tetik   olvas+tatik           makes the book being read
\end{verbatim}
\end{small}

Examples:

If 'szemtele's' (littering, action of throwing away litter) is not in
the dictionary we derive it from the verb 'litter' szemetel[V] + e's[IF]
(where IF=Verb2Noun).

Instead of giving the extra attribute to the verb expressing that it has
a derivational suffix we simply give the result of the analysis+conversion:
szemetele's[N].

In Hungarian some derivation may follow the inflectional suffix. For
these derivations the suffix+derivation together forms a compound
derivation. The a new stem is generated from the
stem + inflection + derivation segments and the resulting part of speech
is determined by the derivation.

\begin{small}
\begin{verbatim}
------------------     -----   --------------     ------------------------
Type                   Form    Example            Comment
------------------     -----   --------------     ------------------------
Nc-sn--ns1-   +FAM  :   e'k    ap +m+e'k          some people with my father 
Nc-su--u---   +IKEP :   i      asztal+onke'nt+i   sg. done by each every table
Afc-sn--n---- +KIEM :   ik     nagy+obb+ik        the bigger one
\end{verbatim}
\end{small}

There are adverbs that may get case endings. Since case inflections
derivate adverb from nouns these constructions can be handled 
as derivations. That means the stem is the stem + inflection combination
and the part of speech is adverb.

\begin{small}
\begin{verbatim}
------------------     -----   --------------     ------------------------
Type                    Form   Example            Comment
------------------     -----   --------------     ------------------------
Ag----     + ablativ    t"l    akkor+t"l          since then
\end{verbatim}
\end{small}



\subsection{Compounding}

Compounding is handled in a very similar way to derivation. The
rightmost word class is always the resulting one.  If it contains some
derivation as well then the result is the word class that the
derivation determines.

Examples:
\begin{enumerate}

\item Hungarian is similar to German but we have a competence limit:
  we do not put together more then 2 nouns. These two words might be
  compounds as well but they must be lexicalized forms. So e.g.:
  rendo"regyenruha (police uniform) is valid since it is put together
  from rendo"r (police) and egyenruha (uniform) where rendo"r=rend
  (order) + o"r (guard) and egyenruha=egyen (uni) + ruha (clothes).

\item Of course the situation is more complicated since nouns can be
  derived from verbs, adjectives or other nouns, and these derivations
  can be parts of compoundns: e.g. auto'buszmega'llo' (bus stop) where
  meg+a'll+o' is derived from the verb a'll (stand).  Whereas
  mega'llo' is lexicalized so dictionaries might contain it, the
  morphological rule is productive so compounding works well for
  constructions like tandi'jbefizete's (paying the tution fee)=
  tan(tution)+ di'j(fee)+ be(in) +fizet(pay) +e's(ment).

\item Compounding, such as derivation, will not be mirrorred in the
  \multext\ format morphological analysis* a converter will produce an
  acceptable segmentation in the corpus. The word class (POS) for
  these compounds will be the word class of the resulting compounding
  (e.g.  tandi'jbefizete's/N).

\end{enumerate}

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