\section{Application to Czech}
\markright{COP project 106 \mte{\hfill} \delID --- Czech{\hfill}}

The application to Czech has been elaborated by Vladim\'{\i}r
Petkevi\v{c},
Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University, Prague.

Acknowledgements:\\
The  most  appreciated  base  used  for  the  elaboration  of the
application was  constituted by morphosyntactic  tables for Czech
elaborated by  Hana Skoumalov\'{a}. For  all possible errors  solely
the author is to blame.

All Czech diacritical characters used have been encoded in the
following way:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The Czech 'hachek' diacritic (\v{ }) over the following
  characters is marked by the corresponding nondiacritic counterpart
  followed by '{\tt <}'.  This concerns the characters {\tt c, d, e,
    n, r, s, t, z} followed by {\tt <}. For instance: {\tt t<}

\item In Czech, each vowel (a, e, i, o, u, y) can be diacritically
  marked as to its quantity by ' over the vowel. We shall mark it by
  {\tt '} {\em following\/} the vowel, e.g. {\tt e'}. In addition to
  {\tt '} there exists also the ring sign ($^{o}$) over the letter u.
  Here we shall use this notation: {\tt u0}.  Thus, there are the following
  vocal diacritical alternatives:

   {\tt a' e' i' o' u' u0  y'}
\end{enumerate}


\begin{small}
\begin{verbatim}
1. Noun (N)

1.1. Lexicon

= ============== ============== = ================= =========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example           Czech term
= ============== ============== = ================= =========================
1 Type           common         c kniha             obecne' jme'no
                 proper         p Petr              vlastni' jme'no
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- -------------------------
2 Gender         masculine      m otec              masculinum
                 feminine       f kniha             femininum
                 neuter         n slunce            neutrum
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- -------------------------
3 Number         singular       s kniha             singula'r
                 plural         p knihy             plura'l
                 dual           d rukama            dua'l
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- -------------------------
4 Case           nominative     n kniha             nominativ
                 genitive       g knihy             genitiv
                 dative         d knize             dativ
                 accusative     a knihu             akuzativ
                 vocative       v kniho!            vokativ
                 locative       l knize             loka'l
                 instrumental   i knihou            instrumenta'l
* ************** ************** * ----------------- -------------------------
5 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- -------------------------
7 Animate   l.s. no             n hrad              nez<ivotne'
            l.s. yes            y otec              z<ivotne'
- -------------- -------------- - ----------------- -------------------------
8 Owner_Number                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Owner_Person                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owned_Number                  -
=================================

Notes:

   1. Czech  distinguishes masculine animate  (Animate=yes above)
   and masculine inanimate  (Animate=no) Gender. Masculine inani-
   mate Nouns always have the same form in the nominative and ac-
   cusative Case,  whereas masculine animate  Nouns have predomi-
   nantly the same form in the genitive and accusative Case. Mas-
   culine animate  Nouns and masculine inanimate  Nouns differ in
   accusative singular and nominative plural only.
2. The dual Number manifests itself only in the instrumental Case
   of several Nouns denoting dual parts of the human body.
3. Czech distinguishes 7 cases, the locative Case being obligato-
   rily prepositional. With most paradigms, the form of the voca-
   tive differs from that of  the nominative in singular; in plu-
   ral the form of the vocative is identical to that of the nomi-
   native for all the paradigms.
4. Verbal nouns are classified as Nouns.

1.2 Combinations

*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================
PoS Type Gend Numb Case Anim Examples
*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================
 N   p    m   [sp] any   y   Pavel, Pavlove'
 N   p    m   [sp] any   n   Hradec, Hradce
 N   p    f   [sp] any   -   Lenka, Lenky
 N   p    n   [sp] any   -   Bradlo, U'sti'
 N   c    m    s    n    -   kluk,      vor
 N   c    m    s    g    -   kluka,     voru
 N   c    m    s    d    -   klukovi,   voru
 N   c    m    s    a    y   kluka
 N   c    m    s    a    n              vor
 N   c    m    s    v    -   kluku,     vore!
 N   c    m    s    l    -   klukovi,   voru
 N   c    m    s    i    -   klukem,    vorem
 N   c    m    p    n    y   kluci
 N   c    m    p    n    n              vory
 N   c    m    p    g    -   kluku0     voru0
 N   c    m    p    d    -   kluku0m    voru0m
 N   c    m    p    a    -   kluky      vory
 N   c    m    p    v    -   kluci!     vory!
 N   c    m    p    l    -   kluci'ch   vorech
 N   c    m    p    i    -   kluky      vory
 N   c   [fn]  s    n    -   sova,      kolo
 N   c   [fn]  s    g    -   sovy,      kola
 N   c   [fn]  s    d    -   sove<      kolu
 N   c   [fn]  s    a    -   sovu       kolo
 N   c   [fn]  s    v    -   sovo!      kolo!
 N   c   [fn]  s    l    -   sove<      kole / kolu
 N   c   [fn]  s    i    -   sovou      kolem
 N   c   [fn]  p    n    -   sovy       kola
 N   c   [fn]  p    g    -   sov        kol
 N   c   [fn]  p    d    -   sova'm     kolu0m
 N   c   [fn]  p    a    -   sovy       kola
 N   c   [fn]  p    v    -   sovy!      kola!
 N   c   [fn]  p    l    -   sova'ch    kolech
 N   c   [fn]  p    i    -   sovami     koly
 N   c   [fn]  d    i    -   rukama     oc<ima    (dual number)
*** **** **** **** **** **** =============================================

Note: In the Combinations above, 'any' is a variable standing for
      any admissible value.

2. Verb (V)

2.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C  Example            Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           main           m de<lat              vy'znamove' sloveso
                 auxiliary      a mi't                pomocne' sloveso
                 modal          o muset               moda'lni' sloveso
                 copula         c by't                spona (kopula)
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 VForm          indicative     i de<la'm             indikativ
                 imperative     m de<lej!             imperativ
                 conditional    c by                  podmin<ovaci' c<a'stice
                 infinitive     n de<lat              infinitiv
                 participle     p de<lal, de<la'n     pr<i'c<esti'
            l.s. transgressive  t de<laje, ude<lavs<i pr<echodni'k
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
3 Tense          present        p de<la'm             pre'zens
                 future         f budu, pobe<z<i'm    futurum
                 past           s de<lal              c<as minuly'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
4 Person         first          1 de<la'm             prvni' osoba
                 second         2 de<la's<            druha' osoba
                 third          3 de<la'              tr<eti' osoba
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
5 Number         singular       s de<la'm             singula'r
                 plural         p de<la'me            plura'l
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
6 Gender         masculine      m de<lal              masculinum /rod muz<sky'
                 feminine       f de<lala             femininum /rod z<ensky'
                 neuter         n de<lalo             neutrum /rod str<edni'
* ************** ************** * ------------------- ------------------------
7 Voice          active         a de<lal              aktivum
                 passive        p de<la'n             pasi'vum
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
8 Negative       no             n de<la'm             kladne' sloveso
                 yes            y nede<la'm           za'porne' sloveso
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
9 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
10Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Case                          -
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
12Animate   l.s. no             n de<laly             nez<ivotne'
            l.s. yes            y de<lali             z<ivotne'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
13Clitic_s  l.s. no             n ude<lal             tvar bez klit. -s
            l.s. yes            y ude<lals            tvar s klit. -s
==============================================================================

Notes

1.  The verb "by't" (E. "to be") in all its functions is characte-
    rized as Type=c  (i.e. the copula), which clearly  is an over-
    simplification because  the verb has  more meanings (auxiliary
    etc.).
2.  Auxiliary verbs (Type=a) include  neither the verb "by't" (see
    above), nor the modal verbs.
3.  The 'past participle' in Czech is used for expressing compound
    active past Tense and is encoded as:
    Type=p(articiple), Tense=p(ast), Voice=a(ctive).
4.  Passive participles are encoded as:
    Type=participle, Tense='-', Voice=Passive.
    This encoding is  used only for the passive  participle in the
    predicative  position,   e.g.  "byl  chycen"   (E.  "(he)  was
    caught").  The case  marked passive  participles, both  in the
    predicative and in the  attributive position, e.g. "pade<lany'
    rukopis" (E. "forged manuscript"),  are be classified as (qua-
    lificative) adjectives.
5.  Adjectival  active and  passive participles,  e.g. "stoji'ci'"
    (E. "standing") or "ude<lany'"  (E. "performed" or "done", cf.
    Note 4 above) are classified as adjectives.
6.  Negative verbs are marked  as Negative=y, whereas non-negative
    verbs are marked as Negative=n.
7.  The term transgressive roughly corresponds to the term 'verbal
    participle'. The transgressives distinguish:
     Number (singular, plural),
     Gender (masculine, non-masculine)
     Tense (past, present)
    The Gender opposition of  masculine animate vs. masculine ina-
    nimate is  neutralized in transgressives;  thus, there is  one
    masculine form and one non-masculine (the form of feminine and
    neuter is neutralized).
8.  Gender and Animate values  correspond to those associated with
    Nouns and are necessary to account properly for agreement.
9.  Gender  manifests itself  in past  participles, passive parti-
    ciples and transgressives only.
10. Normally,  Verbs  form  the  future  Tense periphrastically by
    auxiliary  "by't" (E.  "to be")  plus infinitive  of the  main
    Verb.  In addition  to the  copula, there  are, however,  some
    Verbs  which  form  future  Tense  non-periphrastically,  i.e.
    synthetically (Verbs of motion).  Such verbal forms are marked
    as Tense=f.
11. The  'yes' value  of the  Clitic_s attribute  denotes a verbal
    form having the clitic morpheme 's' appended as a suffix. This
    's' morpheme  expresses 2nd Person  singular present Tense  of
    the auxiliary Verb  "by't" (i.e. the form "jsi").  There is no
    intermediate  hyphen  between  the  verbal  form  and  the 's'
    morpheme.
12. The  Clitic_s  attribute  is  specified  for  VForm=infinitive
    (VForm=n) and Vform=p(articiple) only.
13. Some  modal and  auxiliary Verbs  do not  form imperative  and
    transgressive.
14. The   voice  value   ('a'  or   'p')  is   not  specified  for
    VForm=c(onditional)  and VForm=t(ransgressive),  in which case
    VForm='-'.


2.2 Combinations

*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- ========================
PoS Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend  Voic Neg  Anim Cl_s Examples
*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- ========================
 V   m     n    -    -    -    -   [na] [ny]   -  [ny] pra't, neprat
 V   a     n    -    -    -    -   [na] [ny]   -  [ny] mi't, nemi't
 V   o     n    -    -    -    -   [na] [ny]   -  [ny] muset, nemuset
 V   c     n    -    -    -    -   [na] [ny]   -  [ny] by't, neby't
 V   c     c    -    3    s    -     -    -    -    -  by
 V   c     c    -  [12]   s    -     -    -    -    -  bych, bys
 V   c     c    -  [12]   p    -     -    -    -    -  bychom, byste
 V   c     i    f  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  budu, budes<, bude
 V   c     i    f  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  nebudu, nebudes<, nebude
 V   c     i    f  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  budeme, budete, budou
 V   c     i    f  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  nebudeme, nebudete, nebudou
 V   m     i    f  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  poleti'm, poleti's<, poleti'
 V   m     i    f  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  nepoleti'm, nepoleti's<,
                                                       nepoleti'
 V   m     i    f  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  poleti'me, poleti'te, poleti'
 V   m     i    f  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  nepoleti'me, nepoleti'te,
                                                       nepoleti'
 V   c     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  jsem, jsi, je
 V   c     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  nejsem, nejsi, neni'
 V   c     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  jsme, jste, jsou
 V   c     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  nejsme, nejste, nejsou
 V   m     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  tr<u, tr<es<, tr<e
 V   m     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  netr<u, netr<es<, netr<e
 V   m     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  tr<eme, tr<ete, tr<ou
 V   m     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  netr<eme, netr<ete, netr<ou
 V   a     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  ma'm, ma's<, ma'
 V   a     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  nema'm, nema's<, nema'
 V   a     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  ma'me, ma'te, maji'
 V   a     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  nema'me, nema'te, nemaji'
 V   o     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    n    -    -  musi'm, musi's<, musi'
 V   o     i    p  [123]  s    -     a    y    -    -  nemusi'm, nemusi's<,
                                                       nemusi'
 V   o     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    n    -    -  musi'me, musi'te,
                                                       museji'/musi'
 V   o     i    p  [123]  p    -     a    y    -    -  nemusi'me, nemusi'te,
                                                       nemuseji'
 V   c     m    p    1    p    -     a   [ny]  -    -  bud<me!, nebud<me!
 V   c     m    p    2   [sp]  -     a    n    -    -  bud<!, bud<te!
 V   c     m    p    2   [sp]  -     a    y    -    -  nebud<!, nebud<te!
 V   m     m    p    1    p    -     a   [ny]  -    -  pracujme!, nepracujme!
 V   m     m    p    2   [sp]  -     a    n    -    -  pracuj!, pracujte!
 V   m     m    p    2   [sp]  -     a    y    -    -  nepracuj!, nepracujte!
 V   c     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    n  byl, byla, bylo
 V   c     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    n  nebyl, nebyla, nebylo
 V   c     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    y  byls, bylas, bylos
 V   c     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    y  nebyls, nebylas,
                                                       nebylos
 V   c     p    s    -    p   m      a    n  [yn]   n  byli, byly
 V   c     p    s    -    p   m      a    y  [yn]   n  nebyli, nebyly
 V   c     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    n    -    n  byly, byla
 V   c     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    y    -    n  nebyly, nebyla
 V   a     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    n  me<l, me<la, me<lo
 V   a     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    n  neme<l, neme<la,
                                                       neme<lo
 V   a     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    y  me<ls, me<las, me<los
 V   a     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    y  neme<ls, neme<las,
                                                       neme<los
 V   a     p    s    -    p   m      a    n  [yn]   n  me<li, me<ly
 V   a     p    s    -    p   m      a    y  [yn]   n  neme<li, neme<ly
 V   a     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    n    -    n  me<ly, me<la
 V   a     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    y    -    n  neme<ly, neme<la
 V   o     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    n  musel, musela, muselo
 V   o     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    n  nemusel, nemusela,
                                                       nemuselo
 V   o     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    y  musels, muselas,
                                                       muselos
 V   o     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    y  nemusels, nemuselas,
                                                       nemuselos
 V   o     p    s    -    p   m      a    n  [yn]   n  museli, musely
 V   o     p    s    -    p   m      a    y  [yn]   n  nemuseli, nemusely
 V   o     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    n    -    n  musely, musela
 V   o     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    y    -    n  nemusely, nemusela
 V   m     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    n  de<lal, de<lala,
                                                       de<lalo
 V   m     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    n  nede<lal, nede<lala,
                                                       nede<lalo
 V   m     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    n    -    y  de<lals, de<lalas,
                                                       de<lalos
 V   m     p    s    -    s  [mfn]   a    y    -    y  nede<lals, nede<lalas,
                                                       nede<lalos
 V   m     p    s    -    p   m      a    n  [yn]   n  de<lali, de<laly
 V   m     p    s    -    p   m      a    y  [yn]   n  nede<lali, nede<laly
 V   m     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    n    -    n  de<laly, de<lala
 V   m     p    s    -    p  [fn]    a    y    -    n  nede<laly, nede<lala
 V   m     p    -    -    s  [mfn]   p    n    -    n  ude<la'n, ude<la'na
                                                       ude<la'no
 V   m     p    -    -    s  [mfn]   p    y    -    n  neude<la'n, neude<la'na
                                                       neude<la'no
 V   m     p    -    -    p   m      p    n  [yn]   n  ude<la'ni, ude<la'ny
 V   m     p    -    -    p   m      p    y  [yn]   n  neude<la'ni, neude<la'ny
 V   m     p    -    -    p  [fn]    p    n    -    n  ude<la'ny, ude<la'na
 V   m     p    -    -    p  [fn]    p    y    -    n  neude<la'ny, neude<la'na
 V   c     t    p    -    s   m      -  [ny]   -    -  jsa, nejsa
 V   c     t    p    -    s  [fn]    -  [ny]   -    -  jsouc, nejsouc
 V   c     t    p    -    p   -      -  [ny]   -    -  jsouce, nejsouce
 V   m     t    p    -    s   m      -  [ny]   -    -  de<laje, nede<laje
 V   m     t    p    -    s  [fn]    -  [ny]   -    -  de<laji'c, nede<laji'c
 V   m     t    p    -    p   -      -  [ny]   -    -  de<laji'ce nede<laji'ce
 V   c     t    s    -    s   m      -  [ny]   -    -  byv, nebyv
 V   c     t    s    -    s  [fn]    -  [ny]   -    -  byvs<i, nebyvs<i
 V   c     t    s    -    p   -      -  [ny]   -    -  byvs<e, nebyvs<e
 V   m     t    s    -    s   m      -  [ny]   -    -  ude<lav, neude<lav
 V   m     t    s    -    s  [fn]    -  [ny]   -    -  ude<lavs<i, neude<lavs<i'
 V   m     t    s    -    p   -      -  [ny]   -    -  ude<lavs<e, neude<lavs<e
*** **** **** **** **** **** ***** ---- ---- ---- ---- =======================


3. Adjective (A)

3.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           qualificative  f dobry'              kvalitativni' adjektivum
                 possessive     s matc<in             posesi'vni' adjektivum
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
2 Degree         positive       p dobry'              pozitiv / 1. stupen<
                 comparative    c leps<i'             komparativ / 2. stupen<
                 superlative    s nejleps<i'          superlativ / 3. stupen<
- -------------- -------------- -  ------------------ ------------------------
3 Gender         masculine      m dobry'              masculinum / rod muz<sky'
                 feminine       f dobra'              femininum / rod z<ensky'
                 neuter         n dobre'              neutrum  / rod str<edni'
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
4 Number         singular       dobry'                singula'r
                 plural         dobr<i'               plura'l
                 dual           dobry'ma              dua'l
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
5 Case           nominative     n dobry'              nominativ
                 genitive       g dobre'ho            genitiv
                 dative         d dobre'mu            dativ
                 accusative     a dobre'ho            akuzativ
                 vocative       v dobry'!             vokativ
                 locative       l dobre'm             loka'l
                 instrumental   i dobry'm             instrumenta'l
* ***************************** * ------------------- ------------------------
6 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
8 Animate        no             n dobre'              nez<ivotne'
                 yes            y dobr<i'             z<ivotne'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
9 Formation l.s. nominal        n sta'r               jmenny' tvar
            l.s. compound       c stary'              sloz<eny' tvar
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
10Owner_Number                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number                  -
=================================

Notes

1. Three  deverbative  adjectival  participles,  i.e. past active
   participle, passive  participle and present  active participle
   are not  distinguished. They are conflated  in the 'qualifica-
   tive' value of the Type attribute (Type=f).
2. Only qualificative (and passive  participle) Adjectives can be
   specified for Degree and for  nominal (short) Form. 3. The at-
   tributes Gender,  Number, Case and  Animate correspond to  the
   same categories  within the Nouns. They  are necessary for the
   proper account of agreement of Adjectives with Nouns.
4. The Formation  attribute distinguishes a  nominal (short) form
   from a so-called compound (long) form of an Adjective. The no-
   minal form can be used in the predicative function only. It is
   specified for nominative and accusative Case only.
5. The Adjectives  which have no  degrees of comparison  have the
   Degree value equal to p(ositive).

3.2 Combinations

*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================
PoS Type Degr  Gend Numb Case Anim Form Examples
*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================
 A   s     -    m     s    n    -   -   otcu0v
 A   s     -    m     s    g    -   -   otcova
 A   s     -    m     s    d    -   -   otcovu
 A   s     -    m     s    a    y   -   otcova
 A   s     -    m     s    a    n   -            otcu0v
 A   s     -    m     s    v    -   -   otcu0v!
 A   s     -    m     s    l    -   -   otcove< / otcovu
 A   s     -    m     s    i    -   -   otcovy'm
 A   s     -    m     p    n    y   -   otcovi
 A   s     -    m     p    n    n   -            otcovy
 A   s     -    m     p    g    -   -   otcovy'ch
 A   s     -    m     p    d    -   -   otcovy'm
 A   s     -    m     p    a    -   -   otcovy
 A   s     -    m     p    v    y   -   otcovi!
 A   s     -    m     p    v    n   -             otcovy!
 A   s     -    m     p    l    -   -   otcovy'ch
 A   s     -    m     p    i    -   -   otcovy'mi
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    n    -   -   otcova,  otcovo
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    g    -   -   otcovy,  otcova
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    d    -   -   otcove<, otcovu
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    a    -   -   otcovu,  otcovo
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    v    -   -   otcova!, otcovo
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    l    -   -   otcove<,  otcove< / otcovu
 A   s     -   [fn]   s    i    -   -   otcovou, otcovy'm
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    n    -   -   otcovy,  otcova
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    g    -   -   otcovy'ch
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    d    -   -   otcovy'm
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    a    -   -   otcovy,  otcova
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    v    -   -   otcovy!  otcova!
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    l    -   -   otcovy'ch
 A   s     -   [fn]   p    i    -   -   otcovy'mi
 A   s     -   [fn]   d    i    -   -   otcovy'ma
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    n    -   c   dobry'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    g    -   c   dobre'ho
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    d    -   c   dobre'mu
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    a    y   c   dobre'ho
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    a    n   c   dobry'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    v    -   c   dobry'!
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    l    -   c   dobre'm
 A   f   [pcs]  m     s    i    -   c   dobry'm
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    n    y   c   dobr<i'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    n    n   c            dobre'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    g    -   c   dobry'ch
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    d    -   c   dobry'm
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    a    -   c   dobre'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    v    y   c   dobr<i'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    v    n   c            dobre'
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    l    -   c   dobry'ch
 A   f   [pcs]  m     p    i    -   c   dobry'mi
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    n    -   c   dobra',  dobre'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    g    -   c   dobre',  dobre'ho
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    d    -   c   dobre',  dobre'mu
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    a    -   c   dobrou,  dobre'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    v    -   c   dobra'!, dobre'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    l    -   c   dobre',  dobre'm
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   s    i    -   c   dobrou,  dobr'ym
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    n    -   c   dobre',  dobra'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    g    -   c   dobry'ch
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    d    -   c   dobry'm
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    a    -   c   dobre',  dobra'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    v    -   c   dobre',  dobra'
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    l    -   c   dobry'ch
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   p    i    -   c   dobry'mi
 A   f   [pcs] [fn]   d    i    -   c   dobry'ma
 A   f     -   [mfn]  s    n    -   n   sta'r, sta'ra, sta'ro
 A   f     -   [mfn]  s    a    -   n   sta'ra, sta'ru, sta'ro
 A   f     -     m    p    n   [ny] n   sta'r<i, sta'ry
 A   f     -   [fn]   p    n    -   n   sta'ry, sta'ra
 A   f     -   [mfn]  p    a    -   n   sta'ry, sta'ry, sta'ra
*** **** ***** **** **** **** **** **** ======================================


4. Pronoun (P)

4.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           personal       p ja'                 osobni'
                 demonstrative  d ten                 ukazovaci'
                 indefinite     i ne<kdo              neurc<ite'
                 possessive     s jeji'               posesi'vni'
                 interrogative  q kdo                 tazaci'
                 relative       r jenz<               vztaz<ne' / relativni'
                 reflexive      x se                  zvratne'  / reflexi'vni'
                 negative       z nikdo               za'porna' / negativni'
                 general        g kaz<dy'             tota'lni'
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
2 Person         first          1 ja'                 prvni' osoba
                 second         2 ty                  druha' osoba
                 third          3 on                  tr<eti' osoba
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
3 Gender         masculine      m on                  masculinum
                 feminine       f ona                 femininum
                 neuter         n to                  neutrum
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
4 Number         singular       s ty                  singula'r
                 plural         p oni                 plura'l
                 dual           d te<ma               dua'l
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
5 Case           nominative     n ty                  nominativ
                 genitive       g tebe                genitiv
                 dative         d tobe<,ti            dativ
                 accusative     a tebe, te<           akuzativ
                 locative       l tobe<               loka'l
                 instrumental   i tebou               instrumenta'l
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
6 Owner_Number   singular       s mu0j                singula'r
                 plural         p jejich              plura'l
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
7 Owner_Gender   masculine      m jehoz<              masculinum
                 feminine       f jeji'hoz<           femininum
                 neuter         n jehoz<              neutrum
********************************* ------------------- ------------------------
8 Clitic         no             n tobe<               nepr<i'klonne'
                 yes            y ti                  pr<i'klonka
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
9 Referent_Type  personal       p se, sebe, si        osobni' zvratne'
                 possessive     s svu0j               zvratne' posesi'vni'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
10Syntactic_Type nominal        n on                  syntakticke' substantivum
                 adjectival     a ktery'              syntakticke' adjektivum
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
11Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
12Animate        no             n ktery'              nez<ivotne'
                 yes            y kter<i', ktere'ho   z<ivotne'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
13Clitic_s  l.s. yes            y tys,ses             za'jmeno s kliticky'm -s
            l.s. no             n ty                  za'jmeno bez klitic. -s
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
14Pronoun_Form                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
15Owner_Person                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
16Owned_Number                  -
================ ================

Notes

1. Gender,  Number,  Case  and  Animate  correspond  to  the same
   categories  within Nouns.  They are  necessary for  the proper
   account of agreement of adjectival Pronouns with Nouns.
2. Type=reflexive ecompasses all reflexive pronouns (se, sebe, si
   svu0j) as well as "se" in  its role as the obligatory particle
   of  reflexive verbs.  Personal and  possessive reflexives  are
   further distinguished via the Referent_Type attribute.
   "se" in all its roles will be marked as the reflexive personal
   clitic pronoun.
3. Pronouns  are distinguished  between having  a (syntactically)
   nominal and  (syntactically) adjectival function.  All pronoun
   types except demonstrative and  possessive can be nominal, and
   all except personal can be adjectival.
5. Referent_Type  is  used  to  distinguish  personal  reflexives
   (which include  "se" in all its  functions) from the possesive
   reflexives ("svu0j").
6. Negative and general Pronouns ("general" Pronouns concern the
   Pronouns like  "vs<ichni" [E.. "all"],  "kaz<dy'" [E. "every"]
   etc.)  are important  from  the  viewpoint of  their syntactic
   distribution.
7. The  Clitic attribute  distinguishes clitical  vs. nonclitical
   pronominal forms, e.g. "ti" vs. "tobe<".
8. The 'yes' value of the Clitic_s attribute denotes a pronominal
   form having the clitic morpheme 's' appended as a suffix. This
   morpheme expresses  2nd Person singular  present Tense of  the
   auxiliary Verb  "by't" (E. "to be").  There is no intermediate
   hyphen between the Pronoun and the 's' morpheme.
9. Owner_Number and  Owner_Gender concern the  possessor's number
   and gender, respectively.


4.2 Combinations

*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============
PoS Type Pers  Gend  Numb Case Ow_N Ow_G Clit Ref Syn Anim  Cl_s  Examples
*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============
 P    x    -     -     -  [ga]   -    -    y   p   n    -    n   se
 P    x    -     -     -  [ga]   -    -    y   p   n    -    y   ses
 P    x    -     -     -  [ga]   -    -    n   p   n             sebe
 P    x    -     -     -   d     -    -    y   p   n    -    n   si
 P    x    -     -     -   d     -    -    y   p   n    -    y   sis
 P    x    -     -     -  [dl]   -    -    n   p   n    -   [ny] sobe<
 P    x    -     -     -   i     -    -    n   p   n    -   [ny] sebou
 P    x    -   [mfn]  all any    -    -    n   s   a  [ny-]  n   svu0j
 P    p    1     -   [sp] all    -    -  [ny]  -   n    -   [ny] ja', my
 P    p    2     -   [sp] all    -    -  [ny]  -   n    -    n   ty, vy
 P    p    2     -     s   n     -    -    n   -   n    -    y   tys
 P    p    3   [mfn] [sp] all    -    -  [ny]  -   n    -   [ny] on, oni,
                                                                 ony, ona
 P    s    1   [mfn]  all all    s    -    n   -   a  [ny-] [ny] mu0j
 P    s    2   [mfn]  all [na]   s    -    n   -   a  [ny-] [ny] tvu0j
 P    s    3     -     -   -     s  [mn]   n   -   a    -   [ny] jeho
 P    s    3   [mfn]  all all    s    f    n   -   a    -   [ny] jeji'
 P    s    3     -     -   -     p  [mfn]  n   -   a    -    -   jejich
 P    d    -   [mfn]  all all    -    -    n   -   a  [ny-] [ny] 1)
 P    i    -   [mn]    s  all    -    -    n   -   n    -    -   2)
 P    i    -   [mfn] [sp] all    -    -    n   -   a  [ny-]  -   3)
 P   [qr]  -   [mn]    s  all    -    -    n   -   n    -    -   4)
 P   [qr]  -   [mfn] [sp] all    -    -    n   -   a  [ny-]  -   5)
 P    z    -   [mn]    s  all    -    -    n   -   n    -    -   6)
 P    z    -   [mfn] [sp] all    -    -    n   -   a  [ny-]  -   7)
 P    g    -   [mfn] [sp] all    -    -    n   -   n  [ny-]  -   8)
*** **** ***** ***** **** **** **** **** ---- --- --- ----- ---- =============

1) ten, tento, tamten, tenhle, tenhleten, takovy', onaky'
2) ne<kdo, ne<jaky', kdovi'kdo, leckdo, leccos, ne<co
3) jaky', ktery', kdovi'jaky', lecjaky'
4) kdo, co
5) jaky', ktery', jenz<, coz<
6) nikdo, nic
7) z<a'dny', nijaky'
8) vs<echen, kaz<dy'


5. Determiner (D)

Not applicable.


6. Article (T)

Not applicable.


7. Adverb (R)

7.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           general        g dobr<e              pr<i'slovce
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
2 Degree         positive       p ma'lo               pozitiv / 1. stupen<
                 comparative    c me'ne<              komparativ / 2. stupen<
                 superlative    s nejme'ne<           superlativ / 3. stupen<
* ************** ************** * ------------------- ------------------------
3 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Person                        -
= ============== ============== =

Notes

1. The  classification  given  above  is  greatly  simplified  as
   compared  to traditional  Czech grammars.  There can  be other
   classifications as well, eg.:
   (a) syntactic: Adverb modifying a Verb
                  Adverb modifying an Adjective
                  Adverb modifying another Adverb
                  Adverb modifying a Noun from the left
                  Adverb modifying a Noun from the right
   (b) semantic   temporal
                  spatial
                  qualitative
                   ...
   We refrained from this typology here.
2. Particles form a separate part  of speech category (see below)
   as is customary in Czech grammars.
3. The Adjectives  which have no  degrees of comparison  have the
   Degree value equal to p(ositive) similarly as Adjectives.


7.2 Combinations

*** **** **** ================================================================
Pos Type Deg  Examples
*** **** **** ================================================================
 R   g    p   dobr<e
 R   g    c   le'pe
 R   g    s   nejle'pe
 R   g    p   tady
*** **** **** ================================================================


8. Adposition (S)

8.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           preposition    p nad                 pr<edloz<ka
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 Formation      simple         s na, v               predloz<ka (prava')
                 compound       c nan<, oc<           kontrakce pr<edl. + za'jm.
* ************** ************** * ------------------- ------------------------
3 Case
  (req.by prep.) genitive       g bez                 genitiv
                 dative         d proti               dativ
                 accusative     a pro                 akuzativ
                 locative       l v                   loka'l
                 instrumental   i s                   instrumenta'l
- -------------- -------------- - ---- -------------- ------------------------
4 Clitic                        -
=================================

Notes

1. Czech has only Prepositions, no postpositions.
2. For the  disambiguation of word forms  belonging to declension
   parts of speech it seems  necessary to include the information
   about the case which each Preposition requires.
   3.  A preposition  can be  contracted with  a pronoun;  such a
   preposition has Formation=c(ompound).


8.2 Combinations

*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================
PoS Type Form Case Examples
*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================
 S    p    s    g  bez, krome<
 S    p    s    d  k, proti
 S    p    s    a  pro, mimo
 S    p    s    l  o, v, pr<i
 S    p    s    i  s, pod
 S    p    c    -  nan<, zac<
*** **** **** ---- ===========================================================


9. Conjunction (C)

9.1 Lexicon

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           coordinating   c a, ani              spojka sour<adici'
                 subordinating  s aby, protoz<e       spojka podr<adici'
* ************** ************** * ------------------- ------------------------
2 Formation                     -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Coord_Type                    -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Sub_Type                      -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
6 Number         singular       s kdybych             spojka 'kdyby'+sg. od 'by'
                 plural         p kdybyste            spojka 'kdyby'+pl. od 'by'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
7 Person         first          1 abych               spojka 'aby'+1.os. od 'by'
                 second         2 abyste              spojka 'aby'+2.os. od 'by'
                 third          3 aby                 spojka 'aby'+3.os. od 'by'
================================================================================

Notes

1. Conjunctions "abych", "abys", ..., "kdybych", ... are composed
   of  the Conjunction  "aby" or  "kdyby" +  conditional particle
   ("bych", "bys",  "by", "bychom", "byste").  These Conjunctions
   are therefore specified for Person  and Number for the sake of
   agreement relation.
2. The class of two-part Conjunctions has not been introduced.


9.2 Combinations

*** **** ---- ---- ===========================================================
PoS Type Numb Pers Examples
*** **** ---- ---- ===========================================================
 C    c    -   -   a, i, ba, nebot<, ani
 C    s    -   -   z<e, protoz<e, zda
 C    s    -   3   aby, kdyby
 C    s    s  [12] abych, abys, kdybych, kdybys
 C    s    p  [12] abychom, abyste, kdybychom, kdybyste
*** **** =====================================================================


10. Numeral (M)

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type           cardinal       c dva                 c<i'slovka za'kladni'
                 ordinal        o pa'ty'              c<i'slovka r<adova'
                 multiple       m dvakra't            c<i'slovka na'sobna'
                 special        s dvoji'              c<i'slovka druhova'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 Gender         masculine      m dva                 masculinum
                 feminine       f dve<                femininum
                 neuter         n dve<                neutrum
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
3 Number         singular       s druhy'              singula'r
                 plural         p druzi'              plura'l
                 dual           d druhy'ma            dua'l
- -------------- -------------- --------------------- ------------------------
4 Case           nominative     n dva, dve<           nominativ
                 genitive       g dvou                genitiv
                 dative         d dve<ma              dativ
                 accusative     a dva, dve<           akuzativ
                 locative       l dvou                loka'l
                 instrumental   i dve<ma              instrumenta'l
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
5 Form           digit          d 5                   c<i'slo (arabske')
                 roman          r MCMVIII             c<i'slo (r<i'mske')
                 letter         l s<edesa't           c<i'slovka slovem
* ************** ************** * ------------------- ------------------------
6 Definiteness                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic                        -
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
8 Class          definite1      1 jeden
                 definite2      2 dva
                 definite34     3 tr<i
                 definite       f pe<t
                 demonstrative  d tolik
                 indefinite     i ne<kolik
                 interrogative  q kolik
                 relative       r kolik
---------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
9 Animate        no             n pa'te'              nez<ivotne'
                 yes            y pa'ti'              z<ivotne'
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
10Owner_Number                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person                  -
- -------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number                  -
=================================

Notes

1. Numerals have been specified as a separate category because of
   their specific  syntactic distribution. We  have specified two
   syntactic classifications by means  of the attributes Type and
   Class;  they  concern  different  syntactic distributions. For
   instance "ne<kolik" (E. "several") will be characterized as:
   Type:  cardinal
   Class: indefinite
2. Among   the  definite   numbers  there   are  four  subclasses
   (definite1, definite2,  definite34, definite) which  differ in
   the syntactic distribution and contain the following Numerals:
   {1}, {2}, {3,4}, {5,6,...}
3. Gender,  Number and  Case  correspond  to the  same categories
   within  Nouns. They  are necessary  for the  proper account of
   agreement of Numerals with Nouns.
4. In direct cases (nominative, accusative) the cardinal numerals
   belonging to class with one  of the values {fdiqr} (see above)
   behave like neuter Nouns in singular, whereas in oblique cases
   they behave like adjectival attributes in plural.


Combinations
============

*** **** ****  **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================
PoS Type Gend  Numb Case Form Class  Anim  Examples
*** **** ****  **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================
 M    -    -     -    -    d  [123f]   -   56
 M    -    -     -    -    r  [123f]   -   MVIII
 M    c  [mfn]   s   any   l     1     -   jeden, jedna, jedno
 M    c  [mfn]   p   any   l     2     -   dva, dve<
 M    c    -     p   any   l     3     -   tr<i, c<tyr<i
 M    c    n    [sp] any   l     f     -   pe<t, deset, padesa't
 M    c    n    [sp] any   l  [diqr]   -   tolik, ne<kolik, kolik
 M    o  [mfn] [spd] any   l    any  [ny-] prvni', druhy', ne<kolika'ty'
 M    m    -     -    -    l    any    -   dvakra't, pe<tkra't, ne<kolikra't
 M    s  [mfn] [spd]  n    l    any  [ny-] dvoji', troje, patery'
*** **** ****  **** **** ---- ------ ----- ===================================

Note: In the Combinations above, 'any' is a variable standing for
      any admissible value.


11. Interjection (I)

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type                          - au!, och!           citoslovce
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 Formation                     -
=================================


12. Residual (X)

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
                                - sic, a+b            Zby'vaji'ci' elementy
= ============== ============== =


13. Abbreviation (Y)

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Syntactic_Type                - atd.                zkratka
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 Gender                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number                        -
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case                          -
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Definiteness                  -
=================================


14. Particle (Q)

= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
P ATT            VAL            C Example             Czech term
= ============== ============== = =================== ========================
1 Type                          - ano, ne             partikule / c<a'stice
- -------------- -------------- - ------------------- ------------------------
2 Formation                     -
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Clitic                        -
=================================
\end{verbatim}
\end{small}

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