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\newcommand{\delID}{Morphosyntactic specifications V.2}

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%\newcommand{\mte}{{\sc multext}-East}
%\newcommand{\multext}{{\sc multext}}
%\newcommand{\eagles}{{\sc eagles}}

\newcommand{\mte}{Multext-East}
\newcommand{\multext}{Multext}
\newcommand{\eagles}{Eagles}
\newcommand{\telri}{TELRI}
\newcommand{\cnc}{Concede}
\newcommand{\fida}{Fida}

\begin{document}
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\begin{center}

\vspace{2in}

{\Huge\bf Specifications and Notation for MULTEXT-East Lexicon Encoding}

\vspace{1in}

{\Large
\textbf{Contributors:}\\
\textbf{Bulgarian}: R.Pavlov, L.Dimitrova, L.Sinapova, K.Simov\\
\textbf{Croatian}: M.Tadić\\
\textbf{Czech}: V.Petkevič\\
\textbf{Estonian}: H.J.Kaalep\\
\textbf{English}: N.Ide, G.Priest-Dorman, T.Erjavec\\
\textbf{Hungarian}: L.Tihanyi, T.Váradi, C.Oravecz\\
\textbf{Romanian}: D.Tufiş, A.M.Barbu\\
\textbf{Slovene}: T.Erjavec, P.Holozan, V.Gorjanc, M.Stabej\\
}

\vspace{0.5in}

{\Large \textbf{Editor}\\
 Tomaž Erjavec}

\vspace{1in}

{\Large\bf Edition \\ \mte\ / \cnc}

%{\Large\bf --- Draft ---}

\vspace{0.5in}

%{\Large\bf \today }
{\Large\bf March  21th, 2001}


\vspace{0.5in}
{\large Supported by EU projects\\[1.1ex]
 \textbf{\mte}, \textbf{\cnc} and \textbf{\telri}}

\end{center}

\renewcommand{\thepage}{\roman{page}}
\markright{\delID\ 
           Specifications and Notation for Lexicon Encoding{\hfill}}


\newpage
\section*{Foreword}

The purpose of this document is to (i) provide harmonised lexical
specifications for eight languages 
--- Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Estonian, English, Hungarian, Romanian, Slovene
--- and (ii) formulate the relevant notation that is used in the
lexicons and annotated corpora contributed by the language groups.

This edition of the lexical specifications is the revised and expanded
version of the MULTEXT-East report D11F. This report was, in turn,
based on two proposals of lexicon specifications presented in the
\multext\ D1-6-1B Deliverable of the \multext\ Project (Bel, Calzolari
and Monachini eds. 1995) and in the \eagles\ document of the Lexicon
sub-group on Morphosyntactic annotation (Monachini and Calzolari
1995). 

%Differences in tables betweeen MULTEXT-East D11F and Concede edition :
%For two languages only, RO and SL
%                                       RO  SL
%------------------------------------+-----+---
%New attribute: 

%Verb (V)
%14 Aspect        progressive    p          x
%                 perfective     e          x

%New values:

%Adjective (A)
%2 Degree
%                 elative        e          x


%Pronoun (P)
%8 Clitic 
%                 bound          b          x
%10Syntactic_Type
%                 adverbial      r          x

%Adverb (R)
%1 Type
%                 portmanteau    c      x
%2 Degree
%                 elative        e          x

%Conjunction (C)
%1 Type
%                 portmanteau    r      x

%Abbreviation (Y)
%1 Syntactic_Type
%                 pronominal     p      x
%4 Case
%                 oblique        o      x
%                 vocative       v      x



The current 'Concede' version offers the addition of a new language,
Croatian, and additions (for Romanian and Slovene) to the common
tables in terms of attributes and values. The tables for Slovene have
also been localised. The \LaTeX\ document has been converted to
Latin-2 encoding, so that the language specific characters are
correctly displayed in print and in the HTML version of this document.

%The tables are now also available as a TEI feature library
%$\langle$fLib$\rangle$.

\bigskip

\hfill Pisa, October 1995

\hfill Ljubljana, December 1997

\hfill Ljubljana, March 2001


\newpage


\tableofcontents


\newpage

\chapter{Background}
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{page}}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\markright{\mte\ / \cnc{\hfill} \delID ---  Introduction{\hfill}}

\section{Description of the proposal}

The proposal has been prepared in the \multext\ table format, which
displays the specifications (as sets of attribute-values, see below
for further details about the notation), with their respective codes
used to mark them in the lexicons. Two types of features are
distingished:
\begin{itemize}

\item[(i)] the minimal {\em core features}\\ 
  These are shared by most of the languages and appear at the top of
  the list of features --- they are deliniated by a row of asterisks
  (*).  We tried to keep this set in common to all the \multext\ and
  \mte\ languages.  In such a way, the comparability across the
  information encoded in the lexical lists of Central \& Eastern and
  of the six original \multext\ languages is to a certain extent
  ensured. A side-effect is that certain values are present in the
  tables, although none of the MULTEXT-East languages makes used of
  them/

\item[(ii)] the \mte\ {\em language-specific features}\\
  These are shared by the \mte\ languages, but differ from the
  \multext\ ones. The formulation of this set has been, as already
  mentioned, highly delicate, due also to the fact that many
  language-specific values were presented in the applications and
  sometimes the same (or 'similar enough') morphosyntactic phenomena
  were referred to with two different attribute or value names. The
  phase of recognition and harmonisation of the semantics of some
  attributes, values and naming conventions has, hence, required much
  effort.
\end{itemize}

%If a feature-value is used by only one \mte\ language (i.e.\ if a
%value is {\em language-specific}) it has been marked with {\tt l.s.}
%This marking is used only when a subset of the feature's values is
%language specific --- in case a whole attribute (i.e. all its
%features) is language specific, then the mark {\tt l.s.} is not used.

This representation, with the concrete applications which display and
exemplify the attributes and values and provide their internal
constraints and relationships, makes the proposal self-explanatory.
Other groups can easily test the specifications on their language,
simply by following the method of the applications.  The possibility
of incorporating idiosyncratic classes and distinctions after the
common core features makes the proposal relatively adaptable and
flexible, without compromising compatibility.


\section{Lexical lists}

The specifications presented here have been used in the encoding of
word-form lexica of the languages. These lexica contain one entry per
line, where an entry has the following form:

\begin{center}
  word-form $\langle$TAB$\rangle$ lemma $\langle$TAB$\rangle$
  \textbf{morphosyntactic description}
\end{center}

This reports describes the morphosyntactic descriptions used in the
lexica and also in the annotated multilingual corpus.


\section{Notation}

In \multext\ the notation has been chosen following current practices
for NLP, where information is represented in attribute-value
formalisms and following the idea that it should also be
self-informative for human understanding. At the same time, a
relativelly compact encoding was maintained. The notation format has
the following main characteristics:
\begin{itemize}
\item attributes are marked by positions;
\item values are represented by a single character;
\item a special marker reflects the non applicability of a given
  attribute.
\end{itemize}

These characteristics make the proposed lexical notation similar to
attribute-value pairs used in unification based formalisms (see the
\multext\ D1-6-1B Deliverable for further details).

The linear strings of characters representing the morphosyntactic
descriptions are constructed following
the philosophy of the Intermediate Format proposed in the 
\eagles\ Corpus proposal (Leech and Wilson, 1994), i.e.\ of having agreed
symbols in predefined and fixed positions: the positions of a string
of characters are numbered 0, 1, 2, etc. in the following way:
\begin{itemize}
\item[a.] the agreed character at position 0 encodes part-of-speech;
\item[b.] each character at position 1, 2, n, encodes the value of one
  attribute (person, gender, number, etc.);
\item[c.] if an attribute does not apply, the corresponding position
  in the string contains a special marker, the hyphen ('\texttt{-}').
\end{itemize}

Example: \verb!Ncms- (Noun, common, masculine, singular, nocase)!

This notation adopts the \eagles\ Intermediate Format with a small
revision: the Intermediate Format encodes information by means of
digits, while in \multext\ characters of a mnemonic nature are
preferred.

The marker '\texttt{-}' has a special semantics and it means
'not-applicable'. As stated above, its function is to keep the
relationship established between attributes and values. It is used in
the following cases:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(a)] not relevant \emph{to a particular language}, e.g.\ Gender
  to Estonian.
\item[(b)] not applicable \emph{to a particular combination of
   attribute-values}, i.e.\ although the attribute is used by a
   category in a given language it does not apply to a particular
   subclass of the category; e.g., Person applies to Pronouns, but not
   to the Type demonstrative.
 \item[(c)] not applicable \emph{to a particular lexical item}, i.e.
   although the attribute applies to the rest of its paradigm, e.g.,
   Gender in the paradigm of English Personal Pronouns applies only to
   the 3rd person, {\sl I, you} vs. {\sl she, he}).
\end{itemize}

Finally, it should be noted that in the lexica trailing hyphens have
been omitted, as this often leads to a more compact encoding. Hence
codes like \verb!Ncms-! are written as \verb!Ncms!.


\section{Organization of the language-specific chapters}

The applications of the proposal to the individual eight languages are
then given in Chapter \ref{chp:LSA}.  The language application parts
present the lexicon specifications category by category and are
structured as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(a)] a chapter describing the features and values
  pertinent to a given category in the form of tables with
  examples from the language in question; these tables have been
  mostly automatically generated from the common tables. The language
  specific tables, however, do often have significant additional
  information, e.g.\ examples or localisation of names.

\item[(b)] a chapter providing the allowed combinations of values for
  the particular language, which is, in some cases, supplemented by c)
  a list of examples from the lexicon or corpus.

Two different strategies of displaying combinations have been
followed:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] all the {\em admitted\/} combinations are provided together
  with an example. This has the disadvantage of producing big lists,
  given the high number of features and values to combine together,
  but the advantage of providing the only legal combinations with the
  relevant constraints in the application of some features/values in
  presence of other features or values or combination of them (see e.g
  Gender in Personal Pronouns).
\item[(ii)] a mathematical expression (essentially a regular expression)
  describing the combinations is provided, which can subsequently used to
  generate {\em all\/} combinations, possibly including some which are not
  valid.
\end{itemize}

\end{enumerate}


\label{part:common}
\part{Common Morphosyntactic Specifications}
\markright{\mte\ / \cnc{\hfill} \delID ---  Common Tables{\hfill}}

\chapter{Table of categories}
\label{sec:cattable}

\begin{verbatim}
=============== ==== ====
Part-of-Speech  Code Atts
=============== ==== ====
Noun             N    10
Verb             V    14
Adjective        A    12
Pronoun          P    17
Determiner       D    10
Article          T     5
Adverb           R     6
Adposition       S     4
Conjunction      C     7
Numeral          M    12
Interjection     I     2
Residual         X     0
Abbreviation     Y     5
Particle         Q     3
=============== ==== ====
\end{verbatim}

Each category acts a type, i.e.\ it introduces attribute value pairs.
The equivalence of a particular attribute-value at a particular
position in a morpho-syntactic description is thus defined only with
respect to a given category.  

The attributes and the values pertinent to the above categories are
presented in the the first 14 sections of the next chapter. The final
two sections list the values and attributes defined in the tables.


%\newpage
\chapter{Tables of attribute-values}
\label{sec:avtables}

The common \mte\ tables of attribute values are given for all
categories above and have a rigid structure, which makes them
suitable for automatically verifying the conformance of a particular
morphosyntactic description with the tables, or for expanding a
morphosyntactic description into its more verbose form.

At the beginning of each category the number of attributes introduced
by the category is given. This is followed by a string summarizing the
valid attributes of the category.  The features constituting the
minimal core, in common with \multext\ (and \eagles) are graphically
contained between strings of stars (*).

This information is followed by the table proper. The table has the
following columns:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Position} gives the position of the attribute in the string of
  the morphosyntactic description;
\item \textbf{Attribute} gives the name of the attribute;
\item \textbf{Value} gives the name and one-letter code of the
  attribute-value;
\item \textbf{en, ro, sl, cs, bg, et, hu, hr} i.e.\ a column for each of the 
  languages. For easier comparison between them they have been grouped by
  language family: first English as the 'hub' language, then Romance
  (Romanian), followed by Slavic (Slovene, Czech, Bulgarian), and finaly
  Finno-Ungric (Estonian, Hungarian). 
  Croation has been added later, and not yet grouped.
\end{enumerate}

The language columns define (by marking with 'x'), in the first line,
whether the category is used by the language, and in subsequent lines,
which attribute-values a particular language uses.


\newpage
\label{msd:N}
\section{Noun (N)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
11 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Gend Numb Case Def  Cltc Anim OwnN OwnP OwdN
**** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== = 
1 Type           common         c  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 proper         p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
- -------------- -------------- - 
2 Gender         masculine      m  x   x   x   x   x           x
                 feminine       f  x   x   x   x   x           x
                 neuter         n  x   x   x   x   x           x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 plural         p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 dual           d          x   x
                 count          t                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           nominative     n          x   x   x   x   x   x
                 genitive       g          x   x       x   x   x
                 dative         d          x   x           x   x
                 accusative     a          x   x           x   x
                 vocative       v      x       x   x           x
                 locative       l          x   x               x
                 instrumental   i          x   x           x   x
                 direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
                 partitive      1                      x
                 illative       x                      x   x
                 inessive       2                      x   x
                 elative        e                      x   x
                 allative       t                      x   x
                 adessive       3                      x   x
                 ablative       b                      x   x
                 translative    4                      x
                 terminative    9                      x   x
                 essive         w                      x   x
                 abessive       5                      x
                 komitative     k                      x
                 aditive        7                      x
                 temporalis     m                          x
                 causalis       c                          x
                 sublative      s                          x
                 delative       h                          x
                 sociative      q                          x
                 factive        y                          x
                 superessive    p                          x
                 distributive   u                          x
* ***************************** *
5 Definiteness   no             n      x           x
                 yes            y      x           x
                 short_art      s                  x
                 full_art       f                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Animate        no             n          x   x           x   x
                 yes            y          x   x           x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Owner_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Owner_Person   first          1                          x
                 second         2                          x
                 third          3                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owned_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}

\newpage
\label{msd:V}
\section{Verb (V)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
15 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type VFrm Tens Pers Numb Gend Voic Neg  Def  Cltc Case Anim Clt2 Aspt
**** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           main           m  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 auxiliary      a  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 modal          o  x   x   x   x       x       x
                 copula         c      x   x   x               x
                 base           b  x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 VForm          indicative     i  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 subjunctive    s      x
                 imperative     m      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 conditional    c  x       x   x       x   x   x
                 infinitive     n  x   x   x   x       x   x   x
                 participle     p  x   x   x   x   x   x       x
                 gerund         g      x           x   x
                 supine         u          x           x
                 transgressive  t              x    
                 quotative      q                      x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Tense          present        p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 imperfect      i      x           x   x       x
                 future         f          x   x               x
                 past           s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 pluperfect     l      x                       x
                 aorist         a                  x           x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Person         first          1  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 second         2  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 third          3  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Number         singular       s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 plural         p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 dual           d          x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Gender         masculine      m      x   x   x   x           x
                 feminine       f      x   x   x   x           x
                 neuter         n      x   x   x   x           x
*********************************
7 Voice          active         a          x   x   x   x       x
                 passive        p          x   x   x   x       x
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Negative       no             n          x   x       x       x
                 yes            y          x   x       x       x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Definiteness   no             n                  x       x
                 yes            y                  x       x
                 short_art      s                  x
                 full_art       f                  x
                 1s2s           2                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
- -------------- -------------- -
11Case           nominative     n  
                 genitive       g  
                 dative         d  
                 accusative     a  
                 locative       l  
                 instrumental   i  
                 illative       x                      x
                 inessive       2                      x
                 elative        e                      x
                 translative    4                      x
                 abessive       5                      x
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate        no             n              x
                 yes            y              x
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s       no             n              x
                 yes            y              x
- -------------- -------------- -
14Aspect         progressive    p          x
                 perfective     e          x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
 \end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:A}
\section{Adjective (A)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
13 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Degr Gend Numb Case Def  Cltc Anim Form OwnN OwnP OwdN
**** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           qualificative  f  x   x   x   x           x   x
                 indefinite     i  
                 possessive     s          x   x               x
                 ordinal        o          x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree         positive       p  x   x   x   x       x   x   x
                 comparative    c  x   x   x   x       x   x   x
                 superlative    s  x   x   x   x       x   x   x
                 elative        e          x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender         masculine      m      x   x   x   x           x
                 feminine       f      x   x   x   x           x
                 neuter         n      x   x   x   x           x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 plural         p      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 dual           d          x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case           nominative     n          x   x       x   x   x
                 genitive       g          x   x       x   x   x
                 dative         d          x   x           x   x
                 accusative     a          x   x           x   x
                 vocative       v      x       x               x
                 locative       l          x   x               x
                 instrumental   i          x   x           x   x
                 direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
                 partitive      1                      x
                 illative       x                      x   x
                 inessive       2                      x   x
                 elative        e                      x   x
                 allative       t                      x   x
                 adessive       3                      x   x
                 ablative       b                      x   x
                 translative    4                      x
                 terminative    9                      x   x
                 essive         w                      x   x
                 abessive       5                      x
                 komitative     k                      x
                 aditive        7                      x
                 temporalis     m                          x
                 causalis       c                          x
                 sublative      s                          x
                 delative       h                          x
                 sociative      q                          x
                 factive        y                          x
                 superessive    p                          x
                 distributive   u                          x
                 essive_formal  f                          x
* ***************************** *
6 Definiteness   no             n      x   x       x           x
                 yes            y      x   x       x           x
                 short_art      s                  x
                 full_art       f                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Animate        no             n          x   x           x   x
                 yes            y          x   x           x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Formation      nominal        n              x
                 compound       c              x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person   first          1                          x
                 second         2                          x
                 third          3                          x
---------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:P}
\section{Pronoun (P)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
18 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ...
PoS  Type Pers Gend Numb Case OwnN OwnG Cltc RefT SynT Def  Anim Clt2
**** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ...
 ... ---- ---- ---- ----
     PrFr OwnP OwdN WhT 
 ... ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           personal       p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 demonstrative  d      x   x   x   x   x   x
                 indefinite     i      x   x   x   x   x   x
                 possessive     s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 interrogative  q  x       x   x   x   x   x
                 relative       r  x       x   x   x   x   x
                 exclamative    e  
                 reflexive      x  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 reciprocal     y                      x   x
                 negative       z      x   x   x   x
                 general        g  x       x   x   x
                 int_rel        w      x
                 emphatic       h      x
                 determinal     m                      x
                 ex_there       t  x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Person         first          1  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 second         2  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 third          3  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender         masculine      m  x   x   x   x   x
                 feminine       f  x   x   x   x   x
                 neuter         n  x   x   x   x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 plural         p  x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 dual           d          x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case           nominative  *  n  x   x1  x   x   x   x   x
                 genitive    *  g      x2  x   x       x   x
                 dative      *  d      x2  x   x   x       x
                 accusative  *  a  x   x1  x   x   x       x
                 vocative       v      x
                 locative       l          x   x
                 instrumental   i          x   x           x
                 direct      *  r      xR1
                 oblique     *  o      xR2
                 partitive      1                      x
                 illative       x                      x   x
                 inessive       2                      x   x
                 elative        e                      x   x
                 allative       t                      x   x
                 adessive       3                      x   x
                 ablative       b                      x   x
                 translative    4                      x
                 terminative    9                      x   x
                 essive         w                      x   x
                 abessive       5                      x
                 komitative     k                      x
                 aditive        7                      x
                 temporalis     m                          x
                 causalis       c                          x
                 sublative      s                          x
                 delative       h                          x
                 sociative      q                          x
                 factive        y                          x
                 superessive    p                          x
                 distributive   u                          x
                 essive_formal  f                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Owner_Number   singular       s  x   x   x   x           x
                 plural         p  x   x   x   x           x
                 dual           d          x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Owner_Gender   masculine      m  x       x   x
                 feminine       f  x       x   x
                 neuter         n          x   x
*********************************  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
8 Clitic         no             n      x   x   x   x
                 yes            y      x   x   x   x
                 bound          b          x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Referent_Type  personal       p          x   x   x
                 possessive     s          x   x   x
                 attributive    a                  x
                 quantitative   q                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Syntactic_Type nominal        n          x   x
                 adjectival     a          x   x
                 adverbial      r          x
- -------------- -------------- -
11Definiteness   no             n                  x
                 yes            y                  x
                 short_art      s                  x
                 full_art       f                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
12Animate        no             n          x   x
                 yes            y          x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
13Clitic_s       yes            y              x
                 no             n              x
- -------------- -------------- -
14Pronoun_Form   strong         s      x
                 weak           w      x
- -------------- -------------- -
15Owner_Person   first          1                          x
                 second         2                          x
                 third          3                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
16Owned_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
17Wh_Type        relative       r  x
                 question       q  x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU
\end{verbatim}
}

{\bf Notes}

* In the Romanian case system the value 'direct' conflates
'nominative' and 'accusative', while the value 'oblique' conflates
'genitive' and 'dative'.

If we want to list these values as belonging to the same Case
universe, i.e.\ if we want either 'direct', 'nominative' and
'accusative' or 'oblique', 'genitive' and 'dative' appear all together
in the same system, their semantics should be explained and their
internal relationships represented. We suggest here to follow the same
strategy adopted within the \eagles\ validation exercise, where
different kinds of relationships between values have been formally
represented by adding indexes to the values of interest:

- in this example, the kind of relation 'direct' and 'oblique' have
with other values of the system is of 'replacement'. We mark this
labelling 'direct' and 'oblique' with the index 'R' and adding the
numerical indexes 1 to 'direct' and 2 to 'oblique', which point to the
values which are respectively replaced.

\newpage
\label{msd:D}
\section{Determiner (D)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
11 Positions
**** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Pers Gend Numb Case OwnN OwnG Cltc Mod  WhT
**** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   -   -   -   -   -   -
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           demonstrative  d  x   x
                 indefinite     i  x   x
                 possessive     s  x   x
                 interrogative  q  
                 relative       r  
                 exclamative    e  
                 article        a  
                 general        g  x
                 int_rel        w      x
                 negative       z      x
                 emphatic       h      x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Person         first          1  x   x
                 second         2  x   x
                 third          3  x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Gender         masculine      m      x
                 feminine       f      x
                 neuter         n      x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s  x   x
                 plural         p  x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Case           direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Owner_Number   singular       s  x   x
                 plural         p  x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Owner_Gender   masculine      m  x
                 feminine       f  x
                 neuter         n  x
*********************************
8 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Modific_Type   prenomin       e      x
                 postnomin      o      x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Wh_Type        relative       r  x
                 question       q  x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:T}
\section{Article (T)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
6 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** ----
PoS  Type Gend Numb Case Cltc
**** **** **** **** **** ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C      x   -   -   -   -   x   -
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           definite       f      x                   x
                 indefinite     i      x                   x
                 possessive     s      x
                 demonstrative  d      x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender         masculine      m      x
                 feminine       f      x
                 neuter         n      x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s      x
                 plural         p      x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
*********************************
5 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:R}
\section{Adverb (R)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
7 Positions

**** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Degr Cltc Numb Pers WhT 
**** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           general        g      x   x   x   x       x   x
                 particle       p      x                   x
                 causal         o                          x
                 negative       z      x
                 adjectival     a                  x
                 verbal         v                          x
                 modifier       m  x   x                   x
                 specifier      s  x
                 int_rel        w      x
                 portmanteau    c      x
                 interrogative  q                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Degree         positive       p  x   x   x   x               x
                 comparative    c  x   x   x   x               x
                 superlative    s  x   x   x   x               x
                 elative        e          x
*********************************
3 Clitic         no             n      x                   x
                 yes            y      x                   x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Number         singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Person         first          1                          x
                 second         2                          x
                 third          3                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Wh_Type        relative       r  x
                 question       q  x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:S}
\section{Adposition (S)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
5 Positions

**** **** **** ---- ----
PoS  Type Form Case Cltc
**** **** **** ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           preposition    p  x   x   x   x   x   x       x
                 postposition   t  x                   x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation      simple         s      x   x   x               x
                 compound       c      x   x   x               x
*********************************
3 Case           nominative     n  
  (req.by prep.) genitive       g      x   x   x               x
                 dative         d      x   x   x               x
                 accusative     a      x   x   x               x
                 locative       l          x   x               x
                 instrumental   i          x   x               x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:C}
\section{Conjunction (C)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
8 Positions

**** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Form CTyp SubT Cltc Numb Pers
**** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           coordinating   c  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 subordinating  s  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 portmanteau    r      x
*********************************
2 Formation      simple         s      x   x       x       x   x
                 compound       c      x   x       x       x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Coord_Type     simple         s      x
                 repetit        r      x
                 correlat       c      x
                 sentence       p                          x
                 words          w                          x
                 initial        i  x
                 non_initial    n  x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Sub_Type       negative       z      x
                 positive       p      x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Number         singular       s              x
                 plural         p              x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Person         first          1              x
                 second         2              x
                 third          3              x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:M}
\section{Numeral (M)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
13 Positions

**** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Gend Numb Case Frm  Def  Cltc Clas Anim OwnN OwnP OwdN
**** **** **** **** **** ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           cardinal       c  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 ordinal        o  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 fractal        f      x                   x
                 multiple       m      x   x   x               x
                 collect        l      x                   x
                 special        s          x   x               x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Gender         masculine      m      x   x   x   x           x
                 feminine       f      x   x   x   x           x
                 neuter         n      x   x   x   x           x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 plural         p      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 dual           d          x   x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           nominative     n          x   x       x   x   x
                 genitive       g          x   x       x   x   x
                 dative         d          x   x           x   x
                 accusative     a          x   x           x   x
                 vocative       v                              x
                 locative       l          x   x               x
                 instrumental   i          x   x           x   x
                 direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
                 partitive      1                      x
                 illative       x                      x   x
                 inessive       2                      x   x
                 elative        e                      x   x
                 allative       t                      x   x
                 adessive       3                      x   x
                 ablative       b                      x   x
                 translative    4                      x
                 terminative    9                      x   x
                 essive         w                      x   x
                 abessive       5                      x
                 komitative     k                      x
                 aditive        7                      x
                 temporalis     m                          x
                 causalis       c                          x
                 sublative      s                          x
                 delative       h                          x
                 sociative      q                          x
                 factive        y                          x
                 superessive    p                          x
                 distributive   u                          x
                 essive_formal  f                          x
                 multiplicative 6                          x
*********************************
5 Form           digit          d      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 roman          r      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 letter         l      x   x   x   x   x   x   x
                 both           b      x
                 m_form         m                  x
                 approx         a                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
6 Definiteness   no             n      x   x       x
                 yes            y      x   x       x
                 short_art      s                  x
                 full_art       f                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
7 Clitic         no             n      x            
                 yes            y      x             
- -------------- -------------- -
8 Class          definite1      1              x
                 definite2      2              x
                 definite34     3              x
                 definite       f              x
                 demonstrative  d              x
                 indefinite     i              x
                 interrogative  q              x
                 relative       r              x
- -------------- -------------- -
9 Animate        no             n          x   x               x
                 yes            y          x   x               x
- -------------- -------------- -
10Owner_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
11Owner_Person   first          1                          x
                 second         2                          x
                 third          3                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
12Owned_Number   singular       s                          x
                 plural         p                          x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:I}
\section{Interjection (I)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
3 Positions

**** ---- ----
PoS  Type Form
**** ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           mood           m                          x
                 other          o                          x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation      simple         s                  x           x
                 compound       c                  x           x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}

%\newpage
\label{msd:X}
\section{Residual (X)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
1 Position

****
PoS 
****

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:Y}
\section{Abbreviation (Y)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
6 Positions

**** ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
PoS  SynT Gend Numb Case Def
**** ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C  x   x   x   x   x   x   x   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Syntactic_Type nominal        n      x               x       x
                 verbal         v      x               x
                 adjectival     a      x               x
                 adverbial      r      x               x       x
                 pronominal     p      x
- -------------------------------
2 Gender         masculine      m      x                       x
                 feminine       f      x                       x
                 neuter         n      x                       x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Number         singular       s      x               x       x
                 plural         p      x               x       x
- -------------- -------------- -
4 Case           nominative     n                      x       x
                 genitive       g                      x       x
                 dative         d                              x
                 accusative     a                              x
                 locative       l                              x
                 instrumental   i                              x
                 direct         r      x
                 oblique        o      x
                 vocative       v      x
                 partitive      1                      x
                 illative       x                      x
                 inessive       2                      x
                 elative        e                      x
                 allative       t                      x
                 adessive       3                      x
                 ablative       b                      x
                 translative    4                      x
                 terminative    9                      x
                 essive         w                      x
                 abessive       5                      x
                 komitative     k                      x
                 aditive        7                      x
- -------------- -------------- -
5 Definiteness   yes            y      x
                 no             n      x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:Q}
\section{Particle (Q)}

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
5 Positions

**** ---- ---- ----
PoS  Type Form Cltc
**** ---- ---- ----

= ============== ============== =  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
P ATT            VAL            C      x   x   x   x   -   -   x
= ============== ============== =
1 Type           negative       z      x           x           x
                 infinitive     n      x
                 subjunctive    s      x
                 aspect         a      x
                 future         f      x
                 general        g                  x
                 comparative    c                  x
                 verbal         v                  x
                 interrogative  q                  x           x
                 modal          o                  x           x
                 affirmative    r                              x
- -------------- -------------- -
2 Formation      simple         s                  x
                 compound       c                  x
- -------------- -------------- -
3 Clitic         no             n      x
                 yes            y      x
=================================  EN  RO  SL  CS  BG  ET  HU  HR
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:values}
\section{List of values with codes}

The values presented within the tables are, in the following, listed in
alphabetical order; the first column gives the name of the value, the
second column its code and the third lists attributes for which the
value is appropriate.

{\scriptsize
\begin{verbatim}
1s2s           2    Definiteness
abessive       5    Case
ablative       b    Case
accusative     a    Case
active         a    Voice
adessive       3    Case
aditive        7    Case
adjectival     a    Syntactic_Type, Type
adverbial      r    Syntactic_Type
allative       t    Case
aorist         a    Tense
approx         a    Form
article        a    Type
aspect         a    Type
attributive    a    Referent_Type
auxiliary      a    Type
base           b    VForm
both           b    Form
bound          b    Clitic
cardinal       c    Type
causal         o    Type
causalis       c    Case
collect        l    Type
common         c    Type
comparative    c    Degree, Type
compound       c    Formation
conditional    c    VForm
coordinating   c    Type
copula         c    Type
correlat       c    Coord_Type
count          t    Number
dative         d    Case
definite       f    Class, Type
definite1      1    Class
definite2      2    Class
definite34     3    Class
delative       h    Case
demonstrative  d    Class, Type
determinal     m    Type
digit          d    Form
direct         r    Case
distributive   u    Case
dual           d    Number, Owner_Number
elative        e    Case, Degree
emphatic       h    Type
essive         w    Case
essive_formal  f    Case
exclamative    e    Type
ex_there       t    Type/P
factive        y    Case
feminine       f    Gender, Owner_Gender
first          1    Owner_Person, Person
fractal        f    Type
full_art       f    Definiteness
future         f    Tense, Type
general        g    Type
genitive       g    Case
gerund         g    VForm
illative       x    Case
imperative     m    VForm
imperfect      i    Tense
indefinite     i    Class, Type
indicative     i    VForm
inessive       2    Case
infinitive     n    Type, VForm
initial        i    Coord_Type
instrumental   i    Case
int_rel        w    Type
interrogative  q    Class, Type
komitative     k    Case
letter         l    Form
locative       l    Case
m_form         m    Form
main           m    Type
masculine      m    Gender, Owner_Gender
modal          o    Type
modifier       m    Type
mood           m    Type
multiple       m    Type
multiplicative 6    Case
negative       z    Sub_Type, Type
neuter         n    Gender, Owner_Gender
no             n    Animate, Clitic, Clitic_s, Definiteness, Negative
nominal        n    Formation, Syntactic_Type
nominative     n    Case
non_initial    n    Coord_Type
oblique        o    Case
ordinal        o    Type
other          o    Type
participle     p    VForm
particle       p    Type
partitive      1    Case
passive        p    Voice
past           s    Tense
perfective     e    Aspect
personal       p    Referent_Type, Type
pluperfect     l    Tense
plural         p    Number, Owned_Number, Owner_Number
portmanteau    c    Type (Adverb)
portmanteau    r    Type (Conjunction)
positive       p    Degree, Sub_Type
possessive     s    Referent_Type, Type
postnomin      o    Modific_Type
postposition   t    Type
prenomin       e    Modific_Type
preposition    p    Type
present        p    Tense
progressive    p    Aspect
pronominal     p    Syntactic_Type
proper         p    Type
qualificative  f    Type
quantitative   q    Referent_Type
question       q    Wh_Type
quotative      q    VForm
reciprocal     y    Type
reflexive      x    Type
relative       r    Class, Type, Wh_Type
repetit        r    Coord_Type
roman          r    Form
second         2    Owner_Person, Person
sentence       p    Coord_Type
short_art      s    Definiteness
simple         s    Coord_Type, Formation
singular       s    Number, Owned_Number, Owner_Number
sociative      q    Case
special        s    Type/M
specifier      s    Type/R
strong         s    Pronoun_Form
subjunctive    s    Type, VForm
sublative      s    Case
subordinating  s    Type
superessive    p    Case
superlative    s    Degree
supine         u    VForm
temporalis     m    Case
terminative    9    Case
third          3    Owner_Person, Person
transgressive  t    VForm
translative    4    Case
verbal         v    Type
vocative       v    Case
weak           w    Pronoun_Form
words          w    Coord_Type
yes            y    Animate, Clitic, Clitic_s, Definiteness, Negative
\end{verbatim}
}


\newpage
\label{msd:attributres}
\section{List of attributes}

In this section, all the attributes presented in the tables are listed
in alphabetical order. For some attributes which are not
self-explanatory, a brief description of their semantics is provided.

\vspace{2ex}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l l|}
\hline
{\bf Attribute} & {\bf Relevant to Category} \\
\hline
Animate       & Adj Noun Num Pron Verb\\
Aspect        & Verb\\
Case          & Abbr Adj Adpos Art Det Noun Num Pron Verb\\
Class         & Num\\
Clitic        & Adj Adpos Adv Art Conj Det Noun Num Part Pron Verb\\
Clitic\_s     & Pron\\
Coord\_Type   & Conj\\
Definiteness  & Abbr Adj Noun Num Pron Verb\\
Degree        & Adj Adv \\
Form          & Num\\
Formation     & Adj Adpos Conj Interj Part\\
Gender        & Abbr Adj Art Det Noun Num Pron Verb\\
Modific\_Type & Det\\
Negative      & Verb\\
Number        & Abbr Adj Adv Art Conj Det Noun Num Pron Verb\\
Owned\_Number & Adj Noun Num Pron\\
Owner\_Gender & Det Pron\\
Owner\_Number & Adj Det Noun Num Pron\\
Owner\_Person & Adj Noun Num Pron\\
Person        & Adv Conj Det Pron Verb\\
Pronoun\_Form & Pron\\
Referent\_Type& Pron\\
Sub\_Type     & Conj\\
Syntactic\_Type& Abbr Pron\\
Tense         & Verb\\
Type          & Adj Adpos Adv Art Conj Det Interj Noun Num Part Pron Verb\\
VForm         & Verb\\
Voice         & Verb\\
Wh\_Form      & Adv Det Pron\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{description}
\item[Class:] distinguishes subtypes of Numerals in Czech which
  have a distinct syntactic distributions: e.g.\ subclasses for 1, 2,
  3\&4, etc.\ are distinguished.
\item[Clitic\_s:] the 'yes' value of the Clitic\_s attribute denotes 
  Czech pronouns having the clitic morpheme 's' appended as a suffix.
\item[Definiteness:] corresponds to the definite and indefinite
  article in English, which is expressed in the Slavic languages by
  suffixes. For Bulgarian singular masculine there are two forms: 
  full article and short
  article (full is used when a sing.masc. form is the syntactic
  subject of the clause, otherwise short article is used). The
  distinction full vs.  short is not made for feminine, neuter and
  plural forms.  Definiteness is also used in Romanian.
\item[Form:] used to distinguish different forms of numerals (Roman,
  digit, 'letter') and in Bulgarian also for the semantic distinction
  between numerals that refer to male persons (but not children) or
  groups of male+female.
\item[Formation:] refers to the graphical components: simple, i.e.\ 
  consisting of one word; compound, i.e.\ consisting of more than one
  word.
\item[Modific\_Type:] refers to the prenominal or postnominal
  positions of Determiners which distinguish different forms in
  Romanian.
\item[Negative:] the value 'yes' encodes negative verbal word-forms in
  Czech, Slovene and in Estonian.
\item[Owned\_Number:] in the Hungarian system, different word-forms
  are distinguished for nominals on the basis of so called 'anaphoric
  possessive' number, i.e.\ the number of the thing(s) possessed by the
  nominal in question.
\item[Owner\_Gender:] used to encode the Gender of the possessor in
  Pronouns and (in Romanian) Determiners.
\item[Owner\_Number:] used to specify the possessor number in
  Pronouns, as well as (in Romanian) in Determiners, and (in
  Hungarian) in Adjectives and Nouns.
\item[Owner\_Person:] used to specify the possessor person in in
  Hungarian in Adjectives and Nouns.
\item[Pronoun\_Form:] used to encode weak and strong pronouns in
  Romanian.
\item[Referent\_Type:] used to distinguish reflexive personal from
  reflexive possessive pronouns in the Slavic languages. In Bulgarian,
  it also describes a subdivision on the basis of semantic features
  which have effect on the morpho-syntactic paradigm, e.g.\ 
  quantitative: the pronoun refers to quantity, etc.
\item[Sub\_Type:] used in Romanian to distinguish negative from positive
  Conjunctions.
\item[Syntactic\_Type:] used to distinguish the nominal and adjectival
  function of Pronouns in Slovene and Czech.  Also used in
  Abbreviations to signal the Part of Speech of the abbreviation;
  currently used only by Romanian and Estonian.
\end{description}

\chapter*{References}

Tomaž Erjavec, Monica Monachini (eds.):
Report MTE D1.1 F, 
Specifications and Notation for Lexicon Encoding.
MULTEXT-East Final Report, D1.1, December 1997,
Institute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana.
\url{http://nl.ijs.si/ME/CD/docs/mte-d11f/}


Tomaž Erjavec, Ann Lawson, Laurent Romary (eds.) (1998):
East meets West: A Compendium of Multilingual Resources.
CD-ROM, produced and distributed by TELRI Association e.V., 
ISBN: 3-922641-46-6.
Vol II (MULTEXT-East results) is available at
\url{http://nl.ijs.si/ME/CD/}


Bel N., Calzolari N. and Monachini M. eds. (1995): ``Common
Specifications and Notation for Lexicon Encoding and Preliminary
Proposal for the Tagsets'', MULTEXT Deliverable D1.6.1B, Pisa.

Leech J.  and A.  Wilson (1994): ``Morphosyntactic Annotation'',
EAGLES Interim Report, Pisa.

Monachini M.  and N.  Calzolari (1995): ``Synopsis and Comparison of
Morphosyntactic Phenomena Encoded in Lexicons and in Corpora and
Application to European Languages'', EAGLES document
EAG-LSG-T4.6/CSG-T3.2, Pisa.

MULTEXT (1993): ``MULTEXT Technical Annex'', Aix-en-Provence.

MULTEXT WP1.6 Report A2 (1994): ``Common Specifications and Notation
for Lexicon Encoding'', MULTEXT Report Milestone A2.


\part{Language Specific Applications}
\label{chp:LSA}

\input{msd-en.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-ro.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-sl.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-cs.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-bg.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-et.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-hu.tex} \newpage
\input{msd-hr.tex} \newpage

\end{document}
